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首页> 外文学位 >Applications of a New Geodata Crawler for Landscape Ecology: From Mapping Natural Stream Hydrology to Monitoring Endangered Beetles.
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Applications of a New Geodata Crawler for Landscape Ecology: From Mapping Natural Stream Hydrology to Monitoring Endangered Beetles.

机译：新型地理数据爬虫在景观生态学中的应用：从绘制自然溪流水文到监测濒危甲虫。

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摘要

An investigation of endangered American burying beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) ecology led to development of a Geodata Crawler with applications in eco-hydrology. Geodata Crawler includes a national GIS (geospatial information systems) database with layers that quantify climate, land cover, soils, human development, and other attributes of the biosphere. For user-locations in the continental United States, Geodata Crawler can rapidly tabulate site-specific statistics within automatically delineated sample areas: points, site radii, watersheds, and riparian zones, among others. Geodata Crawler supported a multi-scale analysis of N. americanus habitat at a military installation in western Arkansas to produce a Landsat-based monitoring tool. Royle's N-mixture model was used to simultaneously account for 1) the detection process associated with baited pitfall traps, and 2) the ecological processes driving spatial patterns of abundance. Detection rates of N. americanus averaged 20% and were optimized at about 29° C on nights with high humidity and slight wind. Effective sample radii assessed using marked beetles released at known locations were no more than 800 m, and detection rates dropped below 5% beyond 400 m. Nicrophorus americanus abundance was associated with native grasslands and open-canopy oak woodlands with rolling topography, sandy loam soils, and moderate disturbances from wildfire. Habitat measured within 800 m site radii produced best fitting models compared to 100 or 1600 m radii. A new above-ground bucket trap was evaluated in comparison to standard pitfall traps. Compared to standard pitfall traps, above-ground bucket traps were safer for beetles, more resistant to scavengers, and more time-efficient for workers to install. The first application of Geodata Crawler for aquatic ecology was an eco-hydrology project that identified seven natural flow regimes of the Ozark-Ouachita Interior Highlands based on daily hydrological data from 64 reference streams. Geodata Crawler quantified climate and catchment characteristics necessary to predict natural flow regimes of 24,557 un-gaged stream segments. This dissertation demonstrated the utility of Geodata Crawler for eco-hydrology and species distribution modeling. Development will continue to expand potential applications to include landscape genetics and climate change, and also to support web-based project submission, cluster computing, and FTP-based data retrieval.
机译：对濒临灭绝的美洲埋藏甲虫（Nicrophorus americanus）生态学的调查导致开发了Geodata Crawler，并将其应用于生态水文学。 Geodata Crawler包括一个国家GIS（地理空间信息系统）数据库，该数据库具有量化气候，土地覆盖，土壤，人类发展以及生物圈其他属性的层。对于美国大陆上的用户位置，Geodata Crawler可以在自动划定的样本区域内快速制表特定于站点的统计信息：点，站点半径，分水岭和河岸带等。 Geodata Crawler支持在阿肯色州西部的一个军事设施中对美洲猪笼草的栖息地进行多尺度分析，以生成基于Landsat的监视工具。使用Royle的N-混合物模型来同时说明1）与诱饵陷阱相关的检测过程，以及2）驱动丰富度空间格局的生态过程。美洲猪笼草的检出率平均为20％，并在高湿度和微风的夜晚在约29°C下进行了优化。使用在已知位置释放的显着甲虫评估的有效样品半径不超过800 m，超过400 m的检出率降至5％以下。美洲Nicrophorus的丰富度与原生草原和开放冠层的橡树林有关，地形起伏不定，沙质壤土和野火造成的中度干扰。与100或1600 m半径相比，在800 m半径范围内测量的生境产生了最佳拟合模型。与标准陷阱陷阱相比，对新的地上桶陷阱进行了评估。与标准陷阱陷阱相比，地上桶形陷阱对于甲虫来说更安全，对清除剂的抵抗力更强，并且工人安装起来更省时。 Geodata Crawler在水生生态学中的第一个应用是一个生态水文学项目，该项目根据来自64条参考河流的每日水文学数据，确定了Ozark-Ouachita内陆高地的七个自然流态。 Geodata Crawler量化了气候和流域特征，这些特征对于预测24,557个无量纲流段的自然流态是必需的。本文证明了地理数据爬虫在生态水文学和物种分布建模中的实用性。开发将继续扩展潜在的应用范围，以包括景观遗传学和气候变化，并支持基于Web的项目提交，群集计算和基于FTP的数据检索。

著录项

  • 作者

    Leasure, Douglas Ryan.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Arkansas.;

  • 授予单位 University of Arkansas.;
  • 学科 Ecology.;Hydrologic sciences.;Geographic information science and geodesy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 215 p.
  • 总页数 215
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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