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Patterns and Processes of Biodiversity in Pristine and Fragmented Rainforests of the Ecuadorian Choco.

机译：厄瓜多尔巧克力原始和零星雨林中生物多样性的模式和过程。

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摘要

A unifying goal of ecology and evolutionary biology is to describe and understand processes that influence patterns of diversity of life on Earth. Biodiversity is critical for the health, function, and continued viability of this planet, and this dissertation seeks to improve our understanding of the processes drive patterns of genetic diversity and how anthropogenic forces can impact this type of diversity. In this dissertation, I show through a planting experiment and tracking the survival of naturally recruiting seeds that negative frequency-dependent selection of genotypes of the tropical palm Oenocarpus bataua in northwest Ecuador is associated with increased survival and increased population-level genetic diversity. I also show, through a simulation model, that negative frequency-dependent selection of both species and genotypes can drive parallel increases in patterns of species and genetic diversity, though this effect varies on a species-by-species basis. Finally, I show in a deforested landscape in northwest Ecuador that pollen dispersal is especially important for maintaining current levels of genetic diversity of isolated populations of O. bataua, compared to seed dispersal, which tends to limit overall levels of genetic diversity. Together, these studies provide new perspectives on factors driving patterns of both species and genetic diversity in tropical landscapes, as well as providing much-needed data from a threatened tropical biodiversity hotspot.
机译：生态学和进化生物学的统一目标是描述和理解影响地球上生物多样性模式的过程。生物多样性对这个星球的健康，功能和持续生存能力至关重要，因此，本论文旨在增进我们对遗传多样性驱动过程以及人为力量如何影响这种多样性的理解。在这篇论文中，我通过种植实验和跟踪自然募集的种子的存活率表明，厄瓜多尔西北部热带棕榈油棕的基因型的负频率依赖性基因型选择与存活率增加和种群水平的遗传多样性增加有关。我还通过仿真模型表明，物种和基因型的负频率依赖性选择可以推动物种和遗传多样性模式的平行增长，尽管这种影响会因物种而异。最后，我在厄瓜多尔西北部一片被砍伐的森林中证明，与种子散布相比，花粉散布对于维持巴塔瓦孤岛种群的当前遗传多样性尤其重要，而种子散布往往会限制总体遗传多样性。总之，这些研究为驱动热带景观中物种和遗传多样性的模式提供了新的观点，并提供了来自受威胁的热带生物多样性热点的急需数据。

著录项

  • 作者

    Browne, Luke Meyer.;

  • 作者单位

    Tulane University School of Science and Engineering.;

  • 授予单位 Tulane University School of Science and Engineering.;
  • 学科 Ecology.;Genetics.;Evolution development.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 171 p.
  • 总页数 171
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 物理化学（理论化学）、化学物理学;
  • 关键词

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