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Migration Patterns in Birds of the New World: Seasonal, Morphomefric and Physiological Considerations.

机译：新世界鸟类的迁徙模式：季节性，形态和生理方面的考虑。

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摘要

Tyrannus is a highly diverse genus with respect to migration strategies within the largest adaptive radiation of birds in the world (Tyrannidae). Within the genus, there are Nearctic- Neotropical migrant, Neotropical austral migrant, intratropical migrant, and resident species and subspecies. The overall goal of this dissertation was to use a variety of methods to explain the diversity of migration patterns found in the New World (focusing on the Tyrannus genus) to gain a better understanding of the ecology and evolution of migration in birds.;In my first chapter I developed a phylogeny to account for phylogenetic relatedness in analyses demonstrating that natural selection has acted on two morphologies relevant to the strategy-specific niches of migratory versus resident Tyrannus (wing pointedness), which may be part of a suite of co-adaptations that are adaptive for migratory populations. Then I showed that New World migratory passerines are tracking with different aspects of seasonality in the Northern versus the Southern Hemisphere, better equipping further research exploring differential impacts of climate change on different types of migrants. In my final chapter I developed a novel gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC/MS) protocol to discover evidence that austral migrant Fork-tailed flycatchers had higher concentrations of oleic and linoleic acid in their diets compared to residents, demonstrating that a diet switch from insects to fruit is important to fuel spring migration, via the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).;This study has improved our understanding of the ecology and evolution of migration in birds by extending hypotheses developed for Nearctic migrants into a genus with both Nearctic and austral migrants. Taken together, my findings demonstrate important new information for proximate versus ultimate mechanisms driving the evolution of migration in birds, as well as elucidating important ecological patterns of Nearctic-Neotropical versus Neotropical austral migration that may be important for developing species distribution models and conservation plans under climate change scenarios where both future temperature and rainfall regimes are expected to change.
机译：在世界上最大的鸟类适应性辐射中，霸王龙在迁徙策略上是一个高度多样化的属。在该属中，有近北向新热带移民，新向南澳大利亚移民，向内热带移民以及常住物种和亚种。本论文的总体目标是使用多种方法来解释新大陆（以霸王龙属为例）发现的迁徙模式的多样性，以更好地理解鸟类的迁徙生态和演化。第一章我开发了系统发育学，以解释分析中的系统发生相关性，表明自然选择作用于与迁徙性和居居性霸王龙（翅尖度）的特定于策略的利基有关的两种形态，这可能是一系列共适应的一部分适应移民人口。然后，我证明了新世界候鸟在北半球和南半球的季节性变化的各个方面进行了跟踪，从而更好地为进一步研究气候变化对不同类型移民的不同影响进行了研究。在我的最后一章中，我开发了一种新颖的气相色谱质谱（GC / MS）方案，以发现证据表明，与居民相比，南方迁徙的叉尾fly在其饮食中的油酸和亚油酸浓度更高，证明了饮食转换从昆虫到水果，通过多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的积累，对春季迁徙起到了重要作用。该研究通过将为近鸟迁徙而建立的假说扩展到两个属中，从而增进了我们对鸟类迁徙的生态学和进化的理解。近北和南方移民。综上所述，我的发现证明了重要的新信息，可为驱动鸟类迁移的近缘机制和最终机制提供重要信息，并阐明近北-新热带与新热带南澳大利亚移民的重要生态模式，这可能对制定物种分布模型和保护计划至关重要预期未来温度和降雨量都将发生变化的气候变化情景。

著录项

  • 作者

    MacPherson, Maggie P.;

  • 作者单位

    Tulane University School of Science and Engineering.;

  • 授予单位 Tulane University School of Science and Engineering.;
  • 学科 Ecology.;Evolution development.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 128 p.
  • 总页数 128
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 物理化学（理论化学）、化学物理学;
  • 关键词

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