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首页> 外文学位 >Carbon Taxes, Forest Carbon Sequestration, Climate Induced Land Yield Changes, and Their Interactions =Impuestos de carbono, secuestración forestal de carbono, cambios en productividad de tierras debido al cambio climático, y sus interacciones
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Carbon Taxes, Forest Carbon Sequestration, Climate Induced Land Yield Changes, and Their Interactions =Impuestos de carbono, secuestración forestal de carbono, cambios en productividad de tierras debido al cambio climático, y sus interacciones

机译：碳税，森林碳汇，气候引起的土地产量变化及其相互作用=碳税，森林碳汇，气候变化导致的土地生产力变化及其相互作用

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摘要

This dissertation is comprised of three essays that evaluate the economic benefits and costs of mitigating climate change at the global scale. Each essay relies on computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The first essay evaluates the economic and environmental interactions among climate change, agriculture, forest carbon sequestration and food security. It addresses changes in land use, commodity and food prices, economic welfare, emission reductions, among other economic factors. This study finds that an aggressive sequestration subsidy can represent a threat for food security due to the land competition between agriculture and forestry. Likewise, the results suggest that there are benefits from mitigating climate change versus a business-as-usual scenario. The second essay evaluates the cost-efficiency of alternative mitigation methods such as carbon taxes, sequestration subsidies and biofuels. This piece illustrates the interaction between cost-efficiency and food security under each of the alternative instruments. This study suggests that the carbon tax and sequestration subsidy are cost-effecting depending on the region. Sequestration subsidy is more cost-effective in places with high sequestration intensity and large forested area. Carbon tax is cost-effective in regions with low carbon-intensive industries. The third essay examines the impacts of climate change induced crop, pasture and forest yield changes and mitigation policies on the livestock sector. This essay highlights the impacts on prices and production of ruminant and non-ruminant products. In summary, this study illustrates that mitigating climate change by either carbon tax or tax-sequestration subsidy to reduce 50% global emissions can result in similar impacts for the ruminant sector although the mechanisms are different. In the tax case, the price increases are due to the high tax imposed on emissions ($150/tCO2e). In the tax-subsidy regime, the boosts in prices are driven by the land use change and by the tax rate ($100/tCO2e). Thus, the sequestration subsidy helps to decrease the share of ruminant emissions in total emission reduction, but the competition of land between pasture and forest provoke increases in prices. Overall, one of the important messages from this set of climate studies is that results can be quite different when considering major emission reduction targets such as in the Paris accord compared with the much more modest emission reduction activities being undertaken today. At high levels of emission reduction, land becomes a limiting factor.
机译：本文由三篇论文组成，它们在全球范围内评估了缓解气候变化的经济效益和成本。每篇文章都依赖于可计算一般均衡（CGE）建模。第一篇文章评估了气候变化，农业，森林碳汇和粮食安全之间的经济和环境相互作用。它解决了土地使用，商品和食品价格，经济福利，减排等方面的变化。这项研究发现，由于农业和林业之间的土地竞争，积极的封存补贴可能对粮食安全构成威胁。同样，结果表明，与通常情况相比，缓解气候变化有很多好处。第二篇文章评估了替代减排方法（例如碳税，封存补贴和生物燃料）的成本效益。这一部分说明了每种替代工具下成本效益与粮食安全之间的相互作用。这项研究表明，碳税和碳固存补贴会因地区而异。在隔离强度高，森林面积大的地方，隔离补贴更具成本效益。在低碳密集产业的地区，碳税具有成本效益。第三篇文章探讨了气候变化导致的作物，牧场和森林产量变化以及减缓政策对畜牧业的影响。本文重点介绍了反刍动物和非反刍动物产品对价格和生产的影响。总而言之，这项研究表明，尽管机制不同，但通过碳税或扣税补贴减轻气候变化以减少50％的全球排放量，可能会对反刍动物部门产生类似的影响。在税收情况下，价格上涨是由于对排放征收高额税收（$ 150 / tCO2e）。在税收补贴制度中，土地使用变化和税率（$ 100 / tCO2e）驱动价格上涨。因此，固存补贴有助于减少反刍动物排放量在总减排量中的份额，但牧场和森林之间的土地竞争导致价格上涨。总体而言，这组气候研究的重要信息之一是，与今天开展的更为温和的减排活动相比，在考虑《巴黎协定》等主要减排目标时，结果可能会大不相同。在高减排水平下，土地成为限制因素。

著录项

  • 作者

    Peña-Lévano, Luis Moisés.;

  • 作者单位

    Purdue University.;

  • 授予单位 Purdue University.;
  • 学科 Agricultural economics.;Environmental economics.;Climate change.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 171 p.
  • 总页数 171
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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