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A Study of the Mechanism of Motor Neuron Death in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

机译:肌萎缩性侧索硬化中运动神经元死亡机制的研究

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摘要

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal adult-onset paralytic disorder for which there is currently no cure. Underlying the disease mechanism of ALS is the spontaneous pathologic degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying spontaneous and selective MN demise is critical to the development of rational therapeutic strategies. In the current work, utilizing established in vitro models of ALS, I demonstrate that necroptosis, a form of caspase-independent programmed cell death (PCD), drives MN death. Pharmacologic inhibition and/or genetic silencing of receptor interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1), receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3), and mixed lineage kinase domain-like-protein (MLKL) rescued MN death in vitro. While this core machinery was conserved, the requirement of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-?B) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) deviated from known models of necroptosis. This divergence led me to consider that there may be a MN-specific program of necroptosis. Thus, I then used unbiased approaches, by meta-analyzing a gene expression signature captured from MNs undergoing cell death in vitro, to explore MN cell death drivers that may be engaged upstream or downstream to RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL. I also explored the relevance of necroptosis to MN disease in vivo, in part by deleting RIPK3 from a genetic mouse model of familial ALS. Overall this approach did not rescue motor neuron loss, and there was no improvement in motor function, disease onset, or survival in these animals. I conclude that while necroptosis machinery drives motor neuron death in in vitro models of ALS, more work needs to be done to (1) assess the motor neuron-specific cell death program, and (2) evaluate the relationship, if any, of necroptosis to motor neuron disease in vivo.
机译:肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种致命的成人发作性麻痹性疾病,目前尚无法治愈。 ALS的疾病机制的基础是运动神经元(MNs)的自发性病理退化。了解潜在的自发性和选择性MN死亡的分子机制对于制定合理的治疗策略至关重要。在当前的工作中,我利用已建立的ALS体外模型证明了坏死病是一种不依赖caspase的程序性细胞死亡(PCD)的形式,可导致MN死亡。受体相互作用蛋白激酶-1(RIPK1),受体相互作用蛋白激酶-3(RIPK3)和混合谱系激酶结构域样蛋白(MLKL)的药理抑制和/或基因沉默挽救了MN的体外死亡。虽然保留了这种核心机制,但对核因子κB(NF-κB)和与Bcl-2相关的X蛋白(Bax)的需求却不同于已知的坏死性模型。这种分歧使我考虑可能存在MN特定的坏死性程序。因此,我随后通过对从体外经历细胞死亡的MN捕获的基因表达签名进行荟萃分析,使用无偏方法来探索可能参与RIPK1 / RIPK3 / MLKL上游或下游的MN细胞死亡驱动因子。我还探讨了尸检与体内MN疾病的相关性,部分原因是从家族性ALS的遗传小鼠模型中删除了RIPK3。总体而言,这种方法不能挽救运动神经元的丧失,并且这些动物的运动功能,疾病发作或生存率也没有改善。我得出的结论是,虽然坏死性病变机制会在ALS的体外模型中驱动运动神经元死亡,但需要做更多的工作来(1)评估运动神经元特异性细胞死亡程序,以及(2)评估坏死性病变的关系(如果有)在体内运动神经元疾病。

著录项

  • 作者

    Politi, Kristin A.;

  • 作者单位

    Columbia University.;

  • 授予单位 Columbia University.;
  • 学科 Molecular biology.;Biology.;Neurosciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 197 p.
  • 总页数 197
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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