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Taming the Crabgrass Frontier: Regional Planning and the Metropolitan Idea in Chicago, 1890-1935

机译：驯服Crabgrass边疆：1890-1935年在芝加哥的区域规划和大都市理念

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摘要

For much of the twentieth century, American metropolitan regions were characterized by decentralization: shrinking cities and growing suburbs, the latter caricatured as dull, homogenous, and politically conservative. But to an influential set of urban planners and reformers around 1900, decentralization represented a radical opportunity for imaginative alternatives to what they saw as the socially divided, inequitable modern city. This dissertation traces their aspirations through the Chicago-based regional planning movement, a campaign for decentralization and metropolitan policymaking, from the Progressive Era through the New Deal. Their work, it argues, reveals the deliberate effort to define the metropolitan region in the early twentieth century. What planners and reformers first embraced as a planning unit signifying social unity and shared interests across city and suburb, however, transformed by 1935 into a fragmented set of municipalities attempting to insulate themselves from perceived urban threats.;This dissertation responds to recent calls by urban historians for a "new metropolitan history" that examines city and suburb together to gain insights into urban development. It also seeks to historicize this metropolitan perspective, which was itself a political and cultural creation. It emerged powerfully in turn-of-the-century Chicago. Beginning with the campaign for the Cook County Forest Preserves, planned in 1904, Chicago regional thinking fused social-progressive concern for public space with an aesthetic movement that embraced the Midwestern landscape. The movement soon expanded to encompass suburban workers' housing, stronger powers for county government, and suburban anti-vice reform. But as a rising real estate industry promoted regional planning to bolster suburban development in the 1920s, the movement's aims shifted. Chicago-based regional planners wrote the New Deal policies that spurred post-World War II suburbanization, fusing real estate economics and racial exclusion with socially progressive regional thinking. The ironic result of their work was a sharp departure from the movement's initial aims, exacerbating the inequality and provincialism that the movement was founded to counteract.
机译：在20世纪的大部分时间里，美国大都市区的特征是权力下放：城市萎缩和郊区发展，后者被描绘为沉闷，同质和政治保守。但是对于1900年左右一批颇具影响力的城市规划人员和改革者来说，权力下放为他们提供了富有想象力的替代方案，为他们视为社会分裂，不平等的现代城市提供了一个绝好的机会。本文通过基于芝加哥的区域规划运动（从进步时代到新政）的权力下放和大城市决策运动来追踪他们的愿望。它认为，他们的工作揭示了二十世纪初定义都市圈的刻意努力。规划者和改革者最初将其作为一个计划单位来表示城市整体和郊区之间的社会统一和共同利益，但是到1935年，它们转变成一个分散的市镇，试图将自己与感知的城市威胁隔离开来；这是对城市最近的呼声的回应。历史学家提出了一个“新大都市历史”，将城市和郊区一起进行考察，以深入了解城市发展。它还试图对这种大都市的观点进行历史化，这本身就是一种政治和文化创造。它在世纪之交的芝加哥大举出现。从1904年计划的库克县森林保护区运动开始，芝加哥的区域思想将社会对公共空间的关注与融合中西部景观的美学运动融合在一起。该运动很快扩展到包括郊区工人的住房，更强大的县政府权力以及郊区反服务改革。但是，随着新兴的房地产行业促进了区域规划以支持1920年代的郊区发展，该运动的目标发生了变化。总部位于芝加哥的区域规划师撰写了《新政》政策，该政策刺激了第二次世界大战后的郊区化，将房地产经济学和种族排斥与社会进步的区域思想相融合。他们的工作具有讽刺意味的结果是，与该运动的最初目标大相径庭，加剧了该运动旨在抵制该运动的不平等和地方主义。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kling, Samuel.;

  • 作者单位

    Northwestern University.;

  • 授予单位 Northwestern University.;
  • 学科 American history.;Urban planning.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 245 p.
  • 总页数 245
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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