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首页> 外文学位 >Systematics and evolutionary history of sea catfishes (Siluriformes: Ariidae).
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Systematics and evolutionary history of sea catfishes (Siluriformes: Ariidae).

机译：海cat鱼的系统学和进化史（Siluriformes：Ariidae）。

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摘要

Ariids or sea catfishes are one of the two otophysan fish families (out of 67 families in four orders) that inhabit primarily marine and brackish waters, although some ariid species occur strictly in fresh waters. The Ariidae includes over a 150 species and many are of primary importance for tropical fisheries. Their classification has remained in disarray and recent studies that have intended to elucidate relationships among ariids have mostly focused on taxa from restricted geographic areas and comprehensive phylogenies are lacking. Furthermore, few efforts have been made to hypothesize biogeographic scenarios and evolutionary trends among ariids. This study inferred molecular phylogenies (up to ∼4 kb) for ariids based on the most inclusive taxon sampling to date (123 species/entities). The results support the monophyly of the Ariidae (four anatomical and three molecular synapomorphies) and the sister-taxa relationship between ariids and the Malagasy family Anchariidae. The Ariidae is divided into two basal lineages. The Galeichthyinae, new subfamily, includes one genus and four species from southern Africa (three species) and southwestern South America (one species), representing a remarkable case of transoceanic disjunction. Molecular data provided fully-resolved and well-supported phylogenies for galeichthyines, indicating that the South American species is nested within the African clade. An earlier study attributed galeichthyines' disjunct distribution to vicariance promoted by the final separation of Africa and South America (∼105 mya). However, chronological estimations via molecular clocks show that the timing of intercontinental divergence was 15.4--2.5 mya, implying transoceanic dispersal or recent vicariance. The subfamily Ariinae includes the remaining taxa (∼97% of ariid diversity). The topologies support the monophyly of ariines but up to ten genera previously validated are incongruent with the molecular phylogenies. New World ariines were paraphyletic and Old World ariines were grouped into a well-supported clade further divided into subclades mostly restricted to major Gondwanan landmasses. The general area cladogram derived from the area cladograms of ariines and other fish groups is largely congruent with the geological area cladogram of Gondwana. Nonetheless, molecular clock analyses provided highly variable estimations on the timing of ariine diversification (∼28--105 mya). Habitat distributions (freshwater vs. marine) were optimized onto the phylogeny to test whether freshwater ariids are primitive (i.e., retain the ancestral freshwater otophysan condition) or derived (i.e., involve marine-to-freshwater transitions). The reconstructions support the latter scenario, suggesting a single invasion of marine waters at the root of the ariid tree followed by multiple events of freshwater recolonization in the Ariinae. Ariids provide an extraordinary example of bidirectional habitat transitions in fishes.
机译：ri鱼或海水cat鱼是两个主要生活在海水和微咸水域中的otophysan鱼科（四个顺序的67个科中的一种），尽管某些ariid物种严格存在于淡水中。 ri科包括150多种，其中许多对热带渔业至关重要。它们的分类仍处于混乱状态，旨在阐明干旱地区之间关系的最新研究主要集中在有限地理区域的分类单元上，并且缺乏全面的系统发育史。此外，很少有人努力假设干旱地区的生物地理情况和演变趋势。这项研究基于迄今为止最广泛的分类单元采样（123个物种/实体），推断出干旱地区的分子系统发育（最大约4 kb）。结果支持Ariidae（四个解剖和三个分子同形）的单亲，以及ariids和马达加斯加人的Anchariidae之间的姐妹-分类关系。 ri科分为两个基础谱系。新亚科Galeichthyinae包括一个属和四个物种，分别来自南部非洲（三个物种）和南美西南部（一个物种），这是跨洋分离的一个典型案例。分子数据为加利甲硫氨酸提供了完全解析和有力的系统发育史，表明南美物种嵌套在非洲进化枝内。较早的一项研究将盖甲硫氨酸的分离分布归因于非洲和南美的最终分离（约105玛雅）而促进的变异。然而，通过分子钟的时间顺序估计表明，洲际发散的时间是15.4--2.5肌，这意味着越洋扩散或最近的变化。伞形亚科包括其余的类群（约占干旱物种多样性的97％）。拓扑结构支持精氨酸的单义性，但先前已验证的最多十属与分子系统发育不一致。新大陆的ariines是共生的，而旧大陆的ariines被分为一个支持良好的进化枝，进一步分为主要限于冈瓦纳主要陆块的亚进化枝。从精氨酸和其他鱼类群的区系图得出的一般区系图与冈瓦纳的地质区系图基本一致。然而，分子钟分析提供了关于可变的时间的高度估计（〜28--105 mya）。将栖息地分布（淡水与海洋的分布）优化到系统发育上，以测试淡水ariids是原始的（即保留祖先的淡水otophysan条件）还是衍生的（即涉及从海洋到淡水的过渡）。重建工作支持后一种情况，这表明在干旱树的根部发生了一次海水入侵，随后在Aariinae发生了多次淡水再定殖事件。鱼类提供了鱼类双向生境过渡的非凡实例。

著录项

  • 作者

    Betancur-R., Ricardo.;

  • 作者单位

    Auburn University.;

  • 授予单位 Auburn University.;
  • 学科 Biology Molecular.;Biology Oceanography.;Biology Zoology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 200 p.
  • 总页数 200
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 分子遗传学;动物学;海洋生物;
  • 关键词

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