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首页> 外文学位 >Culture du corps et technosciences: Vers une 'mise a niveau' technique de l'humain? Analyse des representations du corps soutenues par le mouvement transhumaniste.
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Culture du corps et technosciences: Vers une 'mise a niveau' technique de l'humain? Analyse des representations du corps soutenues par le mouvement transhumaniste.

机译：身体文化和技术科学：向人类的技术“升级”？分析超人类运动支持的身体表征。

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摘要

The current interest in NBIC research (nano-bio-info-cognitivo technologies), which are intended to optimize human capacities, points to deep-seated change in both our representation of the human body and the human-machine relationship. Again and again, the work coming out of genetic engineering, pharmacology, the biotechnologies and the nanotechnologies promises a human body that is less subject to illness, better "adapted" and, especially, more malleable. This in-laboratory construction of an improved body echoes contemporary concern about perfect health, the ageing process, inaptitude, appearance, performance, etc. To analyze the transformations this research causes in the representation of the body, we built a theoretical framework supported by studies both in the sociology of the body and in the epistemology of the sciences. Then, examining different popularized scientific documents written by transhumanist researchers---who openly advocate a radical optimization of human capacities via the technosciences---we observed that representations of the body pivot around three main axes. The human body is presented in this discourse as being informational, technologically perfectible and obsolete.;To make their action plan more socially acceptable, transhumanists not only rely on its (potential) technical feasibility, but on socially shared values, such as self-determination, human perfectibility, equality, liberty and dignity. Nevertheless, their interpretation is sometimes surprising and very frequently breaks with notions that have grown out of modernity. In their opinion, human perfection must occur through the technosciences (and not via social institutions) directly on individuals' bodies (and not on their surroundings) and according to their "right" to self-determination, which is seen as an individual's right to optimize his or her capacities. Similarly, they maintain that the technosciences must be made democratic to guarantee accessibility, reduce biological inequalities and allow all humans to reinforce their identity and sense of accomplishment. This analysis of transhumanists' discourse has thus allowed us to observe their representation of the body as well as the cultural resonance of the project they put forth.;Keywords: Sociology of the body, Technosciences, Social representations, Performance, Transhumanism, Cyborg, Modification of the body, Human body.;This threefold representation of the body suggests that transhumanists' plan of action (i.e. improving humans' physical, intellectual, sensorial, emotional, etc., capacities) is an anthropological necessity. In their view, the improvement of human conditions means a controlled biological mutation (i.e., hybridization with the machine) because the body is "unadapted" to the contemporary reality. Thus, once adopted by transhumanist researchers, the possibilities of NBIC are taken to their extreme and given a peremptory tone. This actively contributes to promoting the posthuman, also called the cyborg---an individual transformed to be more robust and intelligent, to modulate its sensitivity and emotional states, and live longer, even indefinitely. Situated half-way between science and science fiction, this project is said to be "techno-prophesy" as it generates countless previsions based on current and potential technoscientific advances.
机译：当前对NBIC研究（纳米生物信息认知技术）的兴趣旨在优化人类能力，这表明我们对人体的表示以及人机关系的深刻变化。基因工程，药理学，生物技术和纳米技术的研究一次又一次地向人们保证，人体将不易患病，更易于“适应”，尤其具有延展性。这种改进型人体的实验室结构与当代人对完美健康，衰老过程，无能，外观，性能等的关注相呼应。为了分析这项研究在人体表征中引起的转变，我们建立了研究支持的理论框架在人体社会学和科学认识论中都如此。然后，研究由超人类主义研究人员撰写的各种不同的科学文献-他们公开主张通过技术科学对人的能力进行彻底的优化-我们观察到人体的表征围绕三个主轴旋转。在本文中，人的身体是信息性的，技术上完美的和过时的。为了使他们的行动计划更能为社会所接受，超人类主义者不仅依靠其（潜在的）技术可行性，而且还依靠社会共有的价值观，例如自决。 ，人类的完美，平等，自由和尊严。然而，它们的解释有时是令人惊讶的，并且经常与源于现代性的概念相冲突。他们认为，人类的完美必须通过技术科学（而不是通过社会制度）直接发生在个人的身体上（而不是在周围环境上），并根据他们的“自决权”来实现，这被视为个人的自决权。优化他或她的能力。同样，他们坚持认为，必须使技术科学民主化，以确保可及性，减少生物不平等并允许所有人强化其身份和成就感。对超人类主义者话语的这种分析因此使我们能够观察到他们对身体的表征以及他们提出的项目的文化共鸣。关键词：身体社会学，技术科学，社会表征，性能，超人类主义，半机械人，修改这种对人体的三重表示表明超人类主义者的行动计划（即提高人类的身体，智力，感官，情感等能力）是人类学上的必要条件。他们认为，人类状况的改善意味着可控的生物突变（即与机器杂交），因为身体“不适应”当代现实。因此，一旦被超人类主义的研究者所采用，NBIC的可能性就被发挥到了极致，并被赋予了强制性的基调。这积极地促进了后人类，也被称为半机械人。一个变身为更加健壮和聪明的人，可以调节其敏感性和情感状态，甚至更长寿，甚至无限期地生活。该项目位于科幻小说和科幻小说之间，被称为“技术预言”，因为它基于当前和潜在的科学技术进步产生了无数的预想。

著录项

  • 作者

    Robitaille, Michele.;

  • 作者单位

    Universite de Montreal (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Universite de Montreal (Canada).;
  • 学科 Sociology Theory and Methods.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 333 p.
  • 总页数 333
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 肿瘤学;
  • 关键词

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