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Modeling homogeneous and heterogeneous aggregation and breakup processes for oil/gas spills. (i) Oil and gas bubbles in deepwater blowouts. (ii) Oil-sediment interaction.

机译：对油气泄漏的均质和非均质聚集与分解过程进行建模。 （i）深水井喷中的油气泡。 （ii）石油与沉积物的相互作用。

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摘要

Bubble size distribution (BSD) plays a major role in the transport and fate of gas or oil released in deepwater. However, no reliable method is available to estimate gas or oil BSDs after a deepwater spill. Breakup and coalescence processes have been identified as key mechanisms controlling BSD in turbulent jets. This thesis introduces bubble breakup and coalescence processes for deepwater gas or oil spill models. Population balance equation representing bubble volumes is used to model the evolution of bubble sizes due to breakup and coalescence. Existing theories for bubble breakup and coalescence rates in variety of industries are adopted to deepwater plumes. The advantage of the present model is that the BSD is generated as a result of breakup and coalescence and therefore, a predefined BSD is no longer necessary for simulations. The numerical model is tested against the available data from laboratory and field experiments. Experimental data by Hesketh et al. (1991), Masutani and Adams (2001), and Johansen et al. (2000) are compared with the model results. In all the cases model results compare well with the experimental data. Scenario simulations showed that the seed diameter given to start computations impacts only within a short distance after the release. Simulations further showed that bubble breakup and coalescence is important only during the early stages of the plume.;Spilled oil, when present in regions with high suspended sediment concentrations such as estuaries, is known to interact with sediments. Oil droplets can form aggregates with sediments due to collision and dissolved oil can be absorbed into sediments. This may change the fate and transport of both oil and sediments. Oil interacting with sediments acts as a natural oil removal process after an oil spill. Although this has been recognized as an important process in developing oil spill countermeasures, comprehensive models are not available to describe the process. This thesis further presents a novel numerical model developed to simulate oil-sediment interaction and transport in near-shore waters. The model simulates, oil-sediment transport, oil-sediment aggregate formation, oil partitioning into sediments, and sediment flocculation. The model is tested against the limited data from laboratory experiments. Scenario simulations showed that when oil droplets and sediment particle sizes are smaller, the amount of oil-sediment formed is high. They further showed that the amount of oil partitioned into sediments is 4-5 orders of magnitude smaller than the amount of oil-sediment aggregates.
机译：气泡尺寸分布（BSD）在深水中释放的气体或石油的运输和命运中起着重要作用。但是，没有可靠的方法可用来估计深水泄漏后的天然气或石油BSD。破裂和合并过程已被确定为控制湍流射流中BSD的关键机制。本文介绍了深水天然气或石油泄漏模型的气泡破裂和聚结过程。代表气泡体积的总体平衡方程用于对由于破裂和聚结而产生的气泡尺寸进行建模。深水羽流采用了各种行业中现有的气泡破裂和聚结率的理论。本模型的优点在于，BSD是由于分解和合并而生成的，因此，模拟不再需要预定义的BSD。根据实验室和现场实验的可用数据对数值模型进行了测试。 Hesketh等人的实验数据。 （1991），Masutani和Adams（2001），以及Johansen等。 （2000年）与模型结果进行了比较。在所有情况下，模型结果均与实验数据相比较。场景模拟显示，开始计算所用的种子直径仅在释放后的短距离内产生影响。模拟进一步表明，气泡破裂和聚结仅在羽流的早期才重要。溢油，当存在于诸如河口等高悬浮沉积物浓度的区域时，会与沉积物相互作用。由于碰撞，油滴会与沉积物形成聚集体，溶解的油会吸收到沉积物中。这可能会改变石油和沉积物的命运和运输。溢油后，与沉积物相互作用的油是自然的除油过程。尽管这已被认为是制定漏油对策的重要过程，但尚无全面的模型来描述该过程。本文进一步提出了一种新的数值模型，用于模拟近岸水体中油-泥沙的相互作用和运移。该模型模拟油-沉积物的运输，油-沉积物聚集体的形成，油在沉积物中的分配以及沉积物的絮凝。针对实验室实验的有限数据对模型进行了测试。方案模拟显示，当油滴和沉积物粒径较小时，形成的油沉积物数量就很大。他们进一步表明，分配到沉积物中的油量比油泥骨料的量少4-5个数量级。

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  • 作者

    Bandara, Dunusinghe Mudiyanselage Uditha Chaminda.;

  • 作者单位

    Clarkson University.;

  • 授予单位 Clarkson University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.;Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 220 p.
  • 总页数 220
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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