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Citizen participation in city planning, New York City, 1945--1975.

机译：1945--1975年，纽约市公民参与城市规划。

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摘要

This dissertation explores how the practice of city planning in New York City came to incorporate "citizen participation" in the three decades after World War II. At the beginning of this period, planning in New York was characterized by a lack of transparency, absence of citizen involvement, and the powerful, controlling presence of planning czar Robert Moses. By period's end, citizens had become accepted parties to land use decision-making, and formal procedures for involving citizens in planning had been written into local law.;I explain that this turning point came about not by premeditated campaign but by a cumulative process of change. Government, planning professionals, grassroots organizations, and civic and social agencies all participated. Among these actors were voluntary groups, including the Cooper Square Committee, a key focus here; the Citizens Union; members of community boards; advocacy planners; officials and citizens involved in the War on Poverty Programs; and city government figures, especially during Mayor John Lindsay's administration. I also look at the motivations and interactions that galvanized these protagonists. They reacted to the upheavals caused by urban renewal, but also to fears about citizen alienation in mass, urban society, and to anxieties about effective governance in New York. Alliances, good fortune, and strategy advanced the cause, but so did surmounting conflicts and obstacles.;What proponents shared was a belief that the practice of city planning should not exist outside of a democratic political framework. To challenge and change this state of affairs, they were willing to learn through practice and in public, to experiment and to innovate. I examine the process of "social learning" in which they elaborated ideas about housing, citizenship, and cities, and also created the organizational, institutional, and policy forms to carry those ideas forward. By 1975, their efforts had given rise to a public newly attentive to city planning who wanted to help shape its effects. Implementing that desire was circumscribed by the limited power that the drive for citizen participation achieved. But this study shows that the movement changed the political landscape of planning and gave more leverage to a broader range of stakeholders.
机译：本文探讨了第二次世界大战后的三十年中，纽约市的城市规划实践如何融入“公民参与”。在此期间开始时，纽约的规划的特点是缺乏透明度，缺乏公民参与以及规划沙皇罗伯特·摩西的强大控制权。到本期末，公民已成为土地使用决策的公认当事方，并且使公民参与规划的正式程序已写入当地法律。我解释说，这一转折点不是通过有预谋的运动而是通过累积的更改。政府，计划专业人士，基层组织以及公民和社会机构都参加了会议。在这些参与者中，有自愿团体，包括库珀广场委员会，这是这里的重点。公民联盟；社区委员会成员；宣传计划者；参与消除贫困方案的官员和公民；和市政府的人物，特别是在约翰·林赛（John Lindsay）市长执政期间。我还将研究激发这些主角的动机和互动。他们对城市更新引起的动荡做出了反应，但也对民众对大众疏远，城市社会的恐惧以及对纽约有效治理的忧虑做出了反应。联盟，好运和战略推动了事业的发展，但克服冲突和障碍也是如此。；支持者共享的信念是，城市规划的实践不应存在于民主政治框架之外。为了挑战和改变这种状况，他们愿意通过实​​践和公开学习，实验和创新来学习。我研究了“社会学习”的过程，在其中他们详细阐述了有关住房，公民身份和城市的想法，并创建了组织，机构和政策形式来将这些想法发扬光大。到1975年，他们的努力引起了新近关注城市规划的公众，他们希望帮助塑造城市的效果。公民参与的动力有限，限制了这种愿望的实现。但是这项研究表明，该运动改变了规划的政治格局，并为更广泛的利益相关者提供了更多的杠杆作用。

著录项

  • 作者

    Reaven, Marci.;

  • 作者单位

    New York University.;

  • 授予单位 New York University.;
  • 学科 History United States.;Urban and Regional Planning.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 397 p.
  • 总页数 397
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 美洲史;区域规划、城乡规划;
  • 关键词

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