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首页> 外文学位 >A natural laboratory, a national monument: Carving out a place for science in Glacier Bay, Alaska, 1879--1959.
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A natural laboratory, a national monument: Carving out a place for science in Glacier Bay, Alaska, 1879--1959.

机译：天然的实验室，国家的历史遗迹：1879--1959年，在阿拉斯加的冰川湾开辟了一个科学之地。

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Beginning with John Muir's "discovery" in 1879, Glacier Bay has become a place constructed in the American imagination. In this construction of place, no single group played a more important role than scientists. While other national parks--e.g. Yellowstone and Yosemite--were greatly the products of commercial lobbies and political maneuverings, Glacier Bay National Monument (later National Park) grew out of a grass roots lobbying effort by the Ecological Society of America (ESA). Since 1879, Glacier Bay has an unbroken history of scientific study: from 1879 forward its glaciers have been regularly mapped, and from 1916 its ecological patterns have been persistently studied. Because of this long, continuous history of scientific study, Glacier Bay serves as an ideal case for the study of the interaction between place and the field sciences.;This study analyzes the role played by Glacier Bay in shaping scientific practice and theory in ecology and glaciology between 1879 and 1959. At the same time, it also analyzes the impact scientists and scientific theory had on the place - defined both by physical location and by constructed social spaces. Within the overarching argument about the agency of place in shaping scientific theory, practice, and community, this dissertation makes several arguments that challenge and enhance the standing historiography on American ecology and glaciology: (1) It problematizes and challenges the standard story of the history of ecology in America told over the past quarter century, offering a more continuous view of ecological theory and practice. (2) It works toward a better understanding of field practices and how scientists defined their goals and successes in the early years of ecology and glaciology in the American context. (3) It explores the role of scientists as activists and argues that, over the period under consideration, ecologists' understanding of their role as activists was closely tied to how they thought ecology should be studied. (4) It analyzes how ecologists and glaciologists working in Glacier Bay understood the placedness of their work and how changes in their understanding of place interacted with their understanding of local versus universal knowledge.
机译：从1879年约翰·缪尔（John Muir）的“发现”开始，冰川湾已成为美国想象中建造的地方。在这个地方，没有任何一个小组比科学家扮演更重要的角色。而其他国家公园-例如黄石公园和优胜美地-很大程度上是商业游说和政治活动的产物，冰川湾国家纪念碑（后来的国家公园）源于美国生态学会（ESA）的基层游说。自1879年以来，冰川湾一直保持着不间断的科学研究历史：从1879年开始定期绘制冰川图，从1916年开始不断研究其生态模式。由于长期的科学研究历史，冰川湾是研究场所与现场科学之间相互作用的理想案例。本研究分析了冰川湾在塑造科学实践和生态学理论方面的作用。 1879年至1959年之间的冰川学。同时，它还分析了科学家和科学理论对该地点的影响-由物理位置和构造的社会空间来定义。在关于塑造科学理论，实践和社区的地方机构的总体论点中，本文提出了一些论点，这些论点挑战并增强了美国生态学和冰川学的史学地位：（1）质疑和挑战历史的标准故事在过去的四分之一世纪中，美国生态学教授对生态学理论和实践提供了更为连续的看法。 （2）它有助于更​​好地了解田间实践，以及科学家如何在美国背景下的生态学和冰川学早期定义他们的目标和成功。 （3）探讨了科学家作为激进主义者的角色，并认为在所考虑的时期内，生态学家对他们作为激进主义者的角色的理解与他们认为生态学应该如何研究紧密相关。 （4）它分析了在冰川湾工作的生态学家和冰川学家如何理解其工作的位置，以及对地点的理解的变化如何与他们对本地知识和普遍知识的理解相互影响。

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