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Assessment of GPS-enabled smartphone data and its use in traffic state estimation for highways.

机译：评估具有GPS功能的智能手机数据，并将其用于高速公路的交通状态估计。

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摘要

GPS-enabled cell phones provide new opportunities for location-based services and traffic estimation. When traveling on-board vehicles, these phones can accurately provide position and velocity of the vehicle, and therefore can be used as probe traffic sensors. The focus of this thesis is to assess the feasibility of using GPS-enabled cell phones for traffic monitoring purposes.;This thesis first presents a field experiment nicknamed Mobile Century, which was conceived as a proof of concept of a GPS-enabled cell phone based traffic monitoring system. Mobile Century included 100 vehicles carrying a GPS-enabled Nokia N95 phone driving loops on a 10-mile stretch of I-880 near Union City, California, for 8 hours. The data obtained in the experiment was processed in real-time and successfully broadcast on the internet, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed system for real-time traffic monitoring. Results presented in this thesis suggest that a 2-3% penetration of cell phones in the driver population is sufficient to provide accurate velocity of the traffic flow.;The second part of the thesis proposes and assesses methods to perform traffic state estimation in the presence of data provided by GPS-enabled cell phones. Traffic state estimation uses the measurement collected to produce estimates for locations for which no measurement is available. Three methods to incorporate mobile probe measurements into highway flow models are proposed. The first one is based on Kalman filtering, the second is a heuristic method derived from the first method, and the third technique is an extension of a technique used in oceanography called Newtonian relaxation. The three methods assume the knowledge of the fundamental diagram and the conditions at both boundaries of the section of interest. Data from intermediate ramps is not required, since mobile sensors are expected to provide data to infer the state of the system at intermediate locations. The performance of the methods is assessed using two different datasets. The first dataset consist of NGSIM data, in which all vehicle trajectories are known. The second dataset consists of the Mobile Century data. It is shown how the accuracy in the estimation depends on the number of measurements available and their accuracy. For the cases investigated, one observation per mile-lane per minute provides sufficient data to identify most of the congestion.
机译：具有GPS功能的手机为基于位置的服务和流量估计提供了新的机会。在车载车辆上行驶时，这些电话可以准确地提供车辆的位置和速度，因此可以用作探测交通传感器。本论文的重点是评估使用具有GPS功能的手机进行交通监控的可行性。本文首先提出了一个名为Mobile Century的现场实验，该实验被认为是基于GPS的手机概念的证明。交通监控系统。 Mobile Century包括100辆载有GPS功能的诺基亚N95电话行驶环路的车辆，行驶在加利福尼亚州联合市附近10英里长的I-880上，行驶8小时。实验中获得的数据经过实时处理，并成功在互联网上广播，证明了所提出的系统用于实时交通监控的可行性。本文提出的结果表明，手机在驾驶员群体中的渗透率达到2-3％足以提供准确的交通流速度。论文的第二部分提出并评估了在存在交通状态时进行交通状态估计的方法具有GPS功能的手机所提供的数据。交通状态估算使用收集到的测量值来为没有测量值的位置产生估算值。提出了三种将移动探针测量值纳入公路流量模型的方法。第一个基于卡尔曼滤波，第二个是从第一个方法派生的启发式方法，第三个技术是海洋学中称为牛顿松弛法的技术的扩展。这三种方法假定您已了解基本图以及感兴趣部分的两个边界处的条件。不需要来自中间斜坡的数据，因为期望移动传感器提供数据以推断中间位置的系统状态。使用两个不同的数据集评估方法的性能。第一个数据集由NGSIM数据组成，其中所有车辆轨迹都是已知的。第二个数据集由Mobile Century数据组成。它显示了估算的准确性如何取决于可用测量的数量及其准确性。对于所调查的案例，每分钟每英里车道的一次观测可以提供足够的数据来识别大多数拥堵情况。

著录项

  • 作者

    Herrera, Juan Carlos.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Berkeley.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Berkeley.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 130 p.
  • 总页数 130
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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