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首页> 外文学位 >Tracing anthropogenic wastes: Detection of fluorescent optical brighteners in a gradient of natural organic matter fluorescence.
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Tracing anthropogenic wastes: Detection of fluorescent optical brighteners in a gradient of natural organic matter fluorescence.

机译：追踪人为废物：在天然有机物质荧光梯度中检测荧光增白剂。

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摘要

A dual wavelength method was developed for the field detection of optical brighteners (OBs), fluorescent laundry additives used as indicators of anthropogenic wastes. The method was quantitative for OBs under variable levels of fluorescent colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Based on excitation at 300-400 nm and 440 and 550 nm emission, the method assumed a constant ratio of fluorescence due to CDOM alone, even if absolute amplitude varied. Concentrations of OBs were computed as the difference between the observed 440 nm emission and the expected CDOM fluorescence at 440 nm, as extrapolated from the 550 nm fluorescence and established CDOM fluorescence ratio. Real-time inner filter corrections were based on absorption modeled from 550 nm fluorescence and from exponential relationships at alternate wavelengths. The effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on CDOM fluorescence and computed OB were quantified but were minimal because effects were comparable between the two fluorescence regions. Assumptions on the locally conservative behavior of CDOM were supported in field surveys of sewered and non-sewered areas. Varying water masses were detected, but OB quantities were detected that did not co-vary with fluorescence alone. Eleven geographic regions of peninsular Florida and sources of OBs were sampled to evaluate the method under a broader range of CDOM and to conduct an extensive detergent spike analysis. Fluorescence data were collected as EEMs and subjected to PARAFAC modeling, isolating eight spectral factors that could sufficiently describe all samples. There were no visible regions of the spectra that were unique to detergents or OBs, but a previously unreported peak in the UV (230/284 ex/em) was tentatively identified as a detergent surfactant and should be pursued as a potential complementary indicator of anthropogenic wastes. Limits on EEM fluorescence measurements were identified: maximum linear range, maximum turbidity, and sensitivity to assumptions. A sub-sampling technique of EEM data approximated the filter fluorometer readings, was used to optimize the dual wavelength method, validated the method with spike recoveries, and presented alternative approaches.
机译：开发了一种双波长方法，用于现场检测荧光增白剂（OB），荧光增白剂用作人为废物的指示剂。该方法对于在可变水平的荧光色溶解有机物（CDOM）下的OBs是定量的。基于在300-400 nm和440和550 nm发射下的激发，即使绝对振幅发生变化，该方法也假设仅由于CDOM导致的荧光比率恒定。从550 nm荧光和确定的CDOM荧光比推算出OB的浓度，作为观察到的440 nm发射与440 nm处的预期CDOM荧光之间的差。实时内部滤光片校正基于从550 nm荧光和交替波长下的指数关系建模的吸收。可以量化温度和溶解氧对CDOM荧光和计算的OB的影响，但影响很小，因为两个荧光区域之间的影响相当。在下水道和非下水道地区的实地调查中支持了关于CDOM的局部保守行为的假设。检测到不同的水团，但检测到的OB量不随荧光单独变化。采样了佛罗里达州的11个地理区域和OB来源，以在更广泛的CDOM下评估该方法并进行广泛的去污剂加标分析。收集荧光数据作为EEM，并进行PARAFAC建模，分离出可以充分描述所有样品的八个光谱因子。光谱中没有可见的区域是去垢剂或OB所独有的，但是暂时未鉴定的紫外线峰（<230/284 ex / em）被初步确定为去垢剂表面活性剂，应作为潜在的补充指示剂人为浪费。确定了EEM荧光测量的极限：最大线性范围，最大浊度和对假设的敏感性。 EEM数据的二次采样技术近似于滤光片荧光计的读数，用于优化双波长方法，通过加标回收率验证了该方法，并提出了替代方法。

著录项

  • 作者

    Dixon, Laura Kellie.;

  • 作者单位

    University of South Florida.;

  • 授予单位 University of South Florida.;
  • 学科 Chemical Oceanography.;Agriculture Fisheries and Aquaculture.;Water Resource Management.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 221 p.
  • 总页数 221
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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