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A multi-rate predictive control scheme for a robotic eye/head system integrating visual and self-motion cues.

机译:一种集成了视觉和自我提示的机器人眼/头系统的多速率预测控制方案。

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摘要

In primates, the vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) is known to stabilize gaze during head perturbations. Also, the internal brain circuits controlling eye movements are found to operate with neural delays much smaller than delays in visual processing pathways (∼2 ms vs. 150 ms). Based on these biological findings, we present a unified multi-rate biomimetic gaze controller integrating VOR mechanisms (self-motion cues) with tracking (pursuit and saccades) for a robotic head with two cameras. The controller uses automatic parametric switching in shared premotor circuits to alternate between two movements types: slow phase (smooth pursuit) relying on visual feedback, and fast phase (blind corrective jumps) producing nystagmus. Similar to the mammalian gaze system, in the absence of a visual target (in dark), the controller generates vestibular nystagmus in response to sinusoidal passive head inputs. During fixation or tracking of a target (slow phase), a head-motion sensor (VOR) detects head rotation direction and drives the cameras in the opposite direction so that gaze in space remains on the visual target. A multi-rate scheme coupled with input prediction is used to allow the internal controller to operate at 600 Hz, while the visual system is limited to a 30 Hz frame rate. Since the saccade circuit is effectively blind, the higher rate controller operation allows increasing saccade bandwidths without ringing to over 30 Hz. Adding slip and memory (PDI control) in the visual feedback overcomes inherent delays in the visual system, increases the tracking response bandwidth to around 5 Hz, and improves steady state tracking gain.
机译:在灵长类动物中,已知前庭眼反射(VOR)可以在头部扰动期间稳定视线。同样,发现控制眼球运动的内部大脑电路在神经延迟下的工作比在视觉处理路径中的延迟小得多(〜2 ms对150 ms)。基于这些生物学发现,我们提出了一个统一的多速率仿生凝视控制器,该控制器将VOR机制(自运动提示)与跟踪(追踪和扫视)结合在一起,用于带有两个摄像头的机器人头部。控制器在共享的前置电动机电路中使用自动参数切换,以在两种运动类型之间交替:依靠视觉反馈的慢相(平稳追赶)和产生眼球震颤的快相(盲矫正跳跃)。与哺乳动物的注视系统类似,在没有视觉目标(黑暗)的情况下,控制器会响应正弦被动头输入而生成前庭眼震。在固定或跟踪目标(慢速相位)期间,头部运动传感器(VOR)会检测头部的旋转方向,并朝相反的方向驱动相机,以使视线停留在视觉目标上。结合输入预测的多速率方案用于允许内部控制器以600 Hz的频率运行,而视觉系统限于30 Hz的帧速率。由于扫视电路实际上是不可见的,因此更高速率的控制器操作可增加扫视带宽,而不会振铃到30 Hz以上。在视觉反馈中添加滑动和存储(PDI控制)可克服视觉系统固有的延迟,将跟踪响应带宽增加到约5 Hz,并提高稳态跟踪增益。

著录项

  • 作者

    Abou Zeid, Elias.;

  • 作者单位

    McGill University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 McGill University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Engineering Biomedical.;Engineering Robotics.
  • 学位 M.Eng.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 140 p.
  • 总页数 140
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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