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Blue collars for a Red-free western Europe: American labor union propaganda in support of the Marshall Plan, 1947--1949.

机译：蓝领无红西欧：支持1947--1949年马歇尔计划的美国工会宣传。

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摘要

One of the Truman Administration's most important foreign policy achievements was the Marshall Plan for European Recovery, an effort to rebuild the economies of sixteen Western European nations which had been destroyed during the Second World War. One of the earliest supporters of the Marshall Plan was American organized labor, represented by the two largest union federations, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). This paper argues that American labor propagandized for the Marshall Plan for a variety of reasons. One reason was to support their privileged place in American domestic politics at a time when that was being threatened by domestic legislation, such as the Taft-Hartley Act, which mandated closed shops, security clauses, right-to-work legislation, and banned many forms of striking. By supporting an Administration foreign policy goal, making a demonstration that they were still a relevant political power, they could protect their domestic influence. Second, in trying to influence opinion on the Marshall Plan, American labor unions could extend their influence into Europe, effectively colonizing what had been up until then a more leftist-influenced labor atmosphere. Third, they could stake out a position as having outwardly criticized three important political enemies: domestic anti-labor conservatives, who they often painted in their propaganda as isolationist reactionaries; the Soviet Union and its allied labor organizations, which had consistently tried to infiltrate American unions; and domestic American fellow travelers, who they believed served the interests of Moscow.
机译：杜鲁门政府最重要的外交政策成就之一是《马歇尔欧洲复兴计划》，该计划旨在重建在第二次世界大战期间被摧毁的16个西欧国家的经济。马歇尔计划的最早支持者之一是美国有组织的劳工，由两个最大的工会联合会，美国劳工联合会（AFL）和工业组织代表大会（CIO）代表。本文认为，出于多种原因，美国劳工宣传了《马歇尔计划》。原因之一是在其受到美国国内立法（例如《塔夫脱-哈特利法案》）的威胁时，支持他们在美国国内政治中的特权地位，该法案规定了关闭商店，安全条款，工作权立法，并禁止了许多打击的形式。通过支持政府的外交政策目标，证明它们仍然是相关的政治力量，它们可以保护其国内影响力。其次，在试图影响对《马歇尔计划》的看法时，美国工会可以将影响力扩展到欧洲，有效地殖民直到后来受到左派影响的劳工气氛。第三，他们可能会冒出一种立场，对外在批评了三个重要的政治敌人：国内反劳工保守派，他们经常在宣传中将其描绘成孤立主义的反动派；一直试图渗入美国工会的苏联及其同盟劳工组织；以及他们认为为莫斯科的利益服务的美国同胞旅行者。

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  • 作者

    Bhatiya, Neil.;

  • 作者单位

    The George Washington University.;

  • 授予单位 The George Washington University.;
  • 学科 History United States.;History Modern.;Political Science International Law and Relations.
  • 学位 M.A.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 69 p.
  • 总页数 69
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 美洲史;国际法;现代史（1917年~）;
  • 关键词

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