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Biothreat to peace-keeping forces in Sub-Saharan Africa.

机译：对撒哈拉以南非洲维持和平部队的生物威胁。

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摘要

The increasing conflict in many regions of the world often require deployment of peace-keeping forces to regions with potential for both Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and High Explosive (CBRNE) terrorism risks. While much is known about regions with potential risks for Chemical, Nuclear and High Explosive terrorism, there is paucity of data documenting exposure of peace-keeping personnel to accidental, deliberate and/or covert use of endemic Sub-Saharan Africa biological warfare agents as weapons of mass destruction in their area of operations. Knowing potential biological warfare agents in areas with conflict such as Sub-Saharan Africa is critical for preparing peace-keeping forces for rapid deployment.;This study analyzed and evaluated endemic Sub-Saharan Africa biological agents with potential for overt and/or covert use for bioterrorism. The study also described the impact of these biological agents on peace-keeping forces that are deployed to Sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, this study evaluated and determined the deficiencies in the peace-keepers' pre- and post-deployment preparedness.;Approximately 11,000 published peer-reviewed studies from 1900 through 2007 identified using PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CAB Health and CINAH, including text books and non-indexed manuscripts were systematically reviewed and utilized to ascertain biological agents with potential for weaponization and bioterrorism in Sub-Saharan Africa region. Several prominent Sub-Saharan Africa endemic biological agents were found to have bioterrorism potentials. The endemic biological warfare agents that are most likely to be used by terrorists included Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Dengue fever virus, Nairovirus (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus), Ricins, Burkholderia mallei, Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, Arenavirus (Lassa fever virus), and Clostridium botulinum toxin. Other endemic biological agents and least likely to be used by terrorists are Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Yellow fever virus, Variola major virus, Monkeypox virus, Phlebovirus (Rift valley fever virus), Alphavirus (Chikungunya virus), Filovirus (Ebola and/or Marburg viral hemorrhagic fever virus), Coxiella burnetii, and Rickettsia prowazekii.;Conclusively, many of the Sub-Saharan endemic biological warfare agents are not currently in the terrorist's arsenal because of the complexity of production and dissemination. However, given the current wave of global technology transfer their production and utilization by terrorists or terrorist groups is eminent. Hence it is critical to incorporate knowledge of endemic biological warfare agents in the training of peace-keeping troops prior deployment and reemphasized when deployed to Sub-Saharan Africa. There is also the need to sufficiently train and prepare peace-keeping forces personnel that are deployed to other regions of the world with similar political, economic, and religious issues as seen in Sub-Saharan Africa.
机译：在世界许多地区，冲突不断加剧，经常需要将维持和平部队部署到具有化学，生物，放射，核和高爆炸性（CBRNE）恐怖主义风险潜力的地区。尽管对具有化学，核和高爆炸性恐怖主义潜在风险的地区知之甚少，但很少有数据记录维持和平人员暴露于偶然，蓄意和/或秘密使用撒哈拉以南非洲地方性生物战剂作为武器的情况在其行动地区造成大规模破坏。了解诸如撒哈拉以南非洲等冲突地区的潜在生物战剂对于维持和平部队的快速部署至关重要;本研究分析和评估了撒哈拉以南非洲的地方性生物剂，它们有可能被公开和/或秘密地用于生物恐怖主义。该研究还描述了这些生物制剂对部署到撒哈拉以南非洲的维持和平部队的影响。此外，该研究评估并确定了维和人员部署前和部署后的准备工作中的缺陷。;使用PubMed，Medline，EMBASE，CAB Health和CINAH识别了从1900年到2007年约11,000篇发表的同行评审研究。对教科书和未编入索引的手稿进行了系统地审查，并用于确定撒哈拉以南非洲地区具有武器化和生物恐怖主义潜力的生物制剂。发现了几种著名的撒哈拉以南非洲地方性生物制剂具有生物恐怖主义的潜力。恐怖分子最有可能使用的地方性生物战剂包括炭疽芽孢杆菌，土拉弗朗西斯菌，鼠疫耶尔森菌，霍乱弧菌，伤寒沙门氏菌，登革热病毒，奈洛病毒（克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒），蓖麻毒素，马氏伯克霍尔德氏菌，葡萄球菌肠毒素B，阿雷纳病毒（拉沙热病毒）和肉毒梭菌毒素。其他地方性生物制剂，恐怖分子最不可能使用的是流产布鲁氏菌，布鲁氏菌，黄热病病毒，主要天花病毒，猴痘病毒，静脉病毒（裂谷热病毒），甲病毒（基孔肯雅病毒），丝状病毒（埃博拉病毒和/或最后，由于生产和传播的复杂性，许多撒哈拉以南的地方性生物战剂目前不在恐怖分子的武器库中，因此，马尔堡病毒性出血热病毒，伯克氏菌和原发性立克次体。但是，鉴于当前全球技术转让的浪潮，恐怖分子或恐怖团体的生产和利用迫在眉睫。因此，至关重要的是，必须在部署维和部队时将地方性生物战剂的知识纳入培训维持和平部队，并在部署到撒哈拉以南非洲地区时再加以强调。还需要充分培训和准备部署到撒哈拉以南非洲类似政治，经济和宗教问题的世界其他地区的维持和平部队人员。

著录项

  • 作者

    Asowata, Charles Aiyudubie.;

  • 作者单位

    George Mason University.;

  • 授予单位 George Mason University.;
  • 学科 Biology Microbiology.;Political Science General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 112 p.
  • 总页数 112
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 微生物学;政治理论;
  • 关键词

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