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首页> 外文学位 >Diffusion tensor imaging of central nervous system tissue abnormalities with an emphasis on epilepsy.
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Diffusion tensor imaging of central nervous system tissue abnormalities with an emphasis on epilepsy.

机译：中枢神经系统组织异常的扩散张量成像，重点是癫痫。

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摘要

Advanced neuroimaging techniques are becoming a powerful new toolkit in modern neuroscience research offering quantitative analysis of structure and function in the nervous system across a broad range of experimental scales, from fixed tissue, to in-vivo animal models, to human studies. This thesis applied the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modality of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate tissue abnormalities in three areas of research: spinal decompression sickness in a sheep model, epileptogenesis in a rat model and new-onset epilepsy in children. DTI measures the three-dimensional self-diffusion of water in complex tissue environments in order to characterize the microstructural properties of tissue. Specifically, DTI indices of anisotropy and diffusion can be used as biomarkers of tissue abnormality. The major findings of this thesis were:;(1) Ex-vivo DTI markers of tissue damage were identified in fixed tissue from a spinal DCS sheep model including reduced white matter anisotropy. The validity of these markers was confirmed by histology and they were used to show that oxygen pre-breathing is an effective intervention strategy for the protection of spinal tissue in DCS up to certain depths.;(2) In-vivo DTI markers were identified in the KA model of epilepsy including damage-related markers of reduced fornix anisotropy and transiently increased diffusion in the hippocampus and plasticity-related markers including increased hippocampal anisotropy and changes in hippocampal fiber orientation. Application of these DTI markers to an investigation of the effects of seizures on the developing brain supported electrophysiological and behavioral evidence of a hippocampal critical period.;(3) Reduced anisotropy was found in the posterior corpus callosum and cingulum of children with recent-onset idiopathic epilepsy compared to controls. This change was found in the absence of volumetric abnormality and may suggest delayed maturation of this structure in children with epilepsy. The same patient group imaged two years later showed normal anisotropy in all regions, suggesting that the structural changes apparent near the onset of epilepsy may improve with treatment.;DTI was shown to be effective in the identification of novel biomarkers of tissue abnormality, advancing understanding of structural substrates of epilepsy and demonstrating the neurodevelopmental impact of epilepsy.
机译：先进的神经影像技术正在成为现代神经科学研究中功能强大的新工具包，可对从固定组织到体内动物模型再到人体研究等各种实验规模的神经系统结构和功能进行定量分析。本论文应用磁共振扩散张量成像（DTI）的磁共振成像（MRI）模式研究了三个研究领域中的组织异常：绵羊模型中的脊髓减压病，大鼠模型中的癫痫发生和儿童新发性癫痫。 DTI测量复杂组织环境中水的三维自扩散，以表征组织的微结构特性。具体地，各向异性和扩散的DTI指数可以用作组织异常的生物标记。本论文的主要发现是：（1）从脊髓DCS绵羊模型的固定组织中鉴定出组织损伤的离体DTI标志物，包括减少的白质各向异性。这些标志物的有效性已通过组织学证实，并被用于表明氧气预呼吸是一种有效的干预策略，可保护DCS直至一定深度的脊髓组织。（2）在体内鉴定了体内DTI标志物癫痫的KA模型包括与损伤相关的标志物，这些标志物具有降低的穹ni各向异性和在海马中的瞬时扩散，以及与塑性相关的标志物，包括在海马中的各向异性和海马纤维方向的变化。这些DTI标记物在癫痫发作对大脑发育的影响的研究中的应用支持了海马关键期的电生理和行为证据。;（3）在新发特发性儿童的后体和扣带中发现各向异性降低癫痫与对照组相比。这种变化是在没有体积异常的情况下发现的，可能表明癫痫患儿的这种结构延迟成熟。两年后成像的同一患者组在所有区域均显示出正常的各向异性，这表明癫痫发作附近明显的结构变化可通过治疗得到改善。癫痫的结构基质的研究，并证明了癫痫的神经发育影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Hutchinson, Elizabeth B.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;
  • 学科 Biology Neuroscience.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 129 p.
  • 总页数 129
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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