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Governing the gene: The politics of transgenic agriculture and the future of food.

机译：调控基因：转基因农业的政治和食品的未来。

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摘要

Genetically modified (GM) crops promise, say the technology's proponents, to remake global agriculture in a host of positive ways, from re-democratizing agricultural production to reducing global hunger. Yet there are good reasons to be skeptical of these claims. This dissertation offers a new, critical reading of GM crop technologies, with two main goals. First, the dissertation employs insights from science and technology studies (S&TS) to give a politically and historically informed account of what GM crops mean for the present and future of the food system. The resulting picture is not a flattering one. It shows GM crops to be an extension of a long-standing global agricultural trend, toward ever greater commodification and consolidation of all aspects of food provisioning. These characteristics of contemporary agricultural organization are, this dissertation argues, currently promoting or exacerbating a host of problems, from environmental distress to global power and economic inequities. In their present form, then, and viewed from a political perspective, GM crops threaten to worsen rather than improve global agricultural conditions. Second, and more broadly, the dissertation draws from the political contestation over GM crops to glean lessons about the governance of complex technological systems. In pursuit of these goals, the dissertation's opening chapters provide a technological history of food provisioning, from pre-Neolithic times to the present age. Later chapters consider the Zambian government's refusal in 2002-2003 to accept GM food aid from the United States, the global food riots of 2008 and the narrow technical response to hunger generated by the international community, and the broad challenges presented by the further industrialization of food and agriculture. Ultimately, though critical of the present trajectory of GM crop development, this dissertation is not an argument against GM crops or against technological development. Rather, it is a warning about the system of food provisioning that this particular technological form is serving to constitute and reinforce. GM crops may yet be used in ways that are broadly beneficial. For this to happen, though, dramatic changes must occur to the system of agriculture of which they are a part, and other technological futures must be imagined.
机译：这项技术的支持者说，转基因作物有望以许多积极的方式改造全球农业，从使农业生产民主化到减少全球饥饿。然而，有充分的理由对此表示怀疑。这篇论文为转基因作物技术提供了一个新的，批判性的解读，它具有两个主要目标。首先，论文利用了来自科学技术研究（S＆TS）的见解，以政治和历史的角度介绍了转基因作物对当前和未来食品系统的意义。最终的结果并非令人欣喜。它表明，转基因作物是全球长期农业趋势的延伸，是对食品供应各个方面的更大程度的商品化和整合。本文认为，当代农业组织的这些特征目前正在促进或加剧从环境困扰到全球力量和经济不平等等一系列问题。因此，从政治角度看，转基因作物以目前的形式威胁着恶化而不是改善全球农业状况。其次，从更广泛的意义上讲，本文从转基因作物的政治争论中汲取了关于复杂技术系统治理的经验教训。为了实现这些目标，论文的开篇提供了从新石器时代之前到现代的食品供应技术史。后面的章节考虑了赞比亚政府在2002-2003年拒绝接受美国的转基因粮食援助，2008年的全球粮食暴动以及国际社会对饥饿产生的狭义技术反应，以及赞比亚进一步工业化带来的广泛挑战。粮食和农业。最终，尽管批评了转基因作物的当前发展轨迹，但这篇论文并不是反对转基因作物或技术发展的论据。相反，这是对食品供应系统的警告，表明这种特殊的技术形式正在构成和加强。转基因作物可能仍以广泛有益的方式使用。但是，要做到这一点，就必须对构成农业系统的农业系统进行重大变革，并且必须设想其他技术前景。

著录项

  • 作者

    Nicholson, Simon.;

  • 作者单位

    The American University.;

  • 授予单位 The American University.;
  • 学科 Political Science International Law and Relations.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 243 p.
  • 总页数 243
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 国际法;
  • 关键词

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