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>American Whiteness and literary form in the aftermath of 1960s ethnic nationalism: Paul Auster, Russell Banks, Raymond Carver, and Jane Lazarre.
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American Whiteness and literary form in the aftermath of 1960s ethnic nationalism: Paul Auster, Russell Banks, Raymond Carver, and Jane Lazarre.
Using fiction by Paul Auster, Russell Banks, Raymond Carver, and Jane Lazarre, I argue that the literature of white American fiction writers in the aftermath of the ethnic nationalist period bears the marks of a shift in the American cultural and racial environment that occurred as a result of nationalist movements by activists and artists of color. In content and form, in presence and absence, in silence and articulation, white American writing attempts to come to terms with the decentered white subject. My choice of Auster, Banks, Carver, and Lazarre, though not exhaustive, is meant to be representative of the major strains in American literature during this period: Auster's Moon Palace (1989), a novel in which the narrator's search for the truth of his origins is problematized and revealed through stories within stories; Banks's Continental Drift (1985), a realist novel in which a white working-class man from New Hampshire searches for the American dream in racially diverse Florida; Carver's minimalist short stories (1974-1988), which depict a contemporary white working class far removed from the stability and relative prosperity of the 1950s; and Lazarre's metafictional Worlds Beyond My Control (1991), a novel that plays with memoir, autobiography, and narrative point of view in order to examine womanhood and motherhood in an interracial family.
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