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Three essays on the effects of health shocks.

机译：关于健康冲击影响的三篇文章。

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his dissertation examines the effects of health shocks on a variety of individual and household-level outcomes. Chapter 1 attempts to estimate the causal effects of health shocks on household economic outcomes using a quasi-experimental study design, comprising exogenous shocks sustained as bus accident injuries in India and matched unexposed drawn from travelers on the same bus routes. I find evidence of partial consumption smoothing with some negative effect on education, but no effect on food consumption. Debt was the principal mechanism used by households to mitigate effects of the shock, leading to significantly larger levels of indebtedness among the exposed. This evidence draws attention towards costly mechanisms adopted by households to smooth consumption.;Chapter 2 relies on data collected as part of the same Karnataka study and seeks to understand causal relationships underlying comorbidity in physical and mental health. I find that exposure to this acute negative health event increases psychological distress by 1.5 standard deviations on the distress scale one year later. Physical Disability acts as a key mediating mechanism, accounting for 65% of the total observed effect. Indebtedness resulting from health shock did not mediate the observed association between the exposure and distress levels. Physical health events, especially acute conditions that are associated with increased disability levels, have large and significant causal effects on mental health over one year later.;In Chapter 3, I examine the consequences and predictors of onset of chronic conditions in the United States using data from 8 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). I find that onset of major chronic conditions increases out of pocket expenses by about
机译：他的论文研究了健康冲击对各种个人和家庭水平结果的影响。第1章试图使用准实验研究设计来评估健康冲击对家庭经济结果的因果关系，该设计包括在印度因公交车事故受伤而遭受的外源冲击，以及在同一条公交路线上未暴露出的旅行者相匹配的外源冲击。我发现部分消费趋于平稳的证据对教育产生了一些负面影响，但对粮食消费没有影响。债务是家庭用来减轻冲击影响的主要机制，导致被暴露者的债务水平明显增加。该证据提请人们注意家庭采用的昂贵机制来平滑消费。第二章依赖于同一卡纳塔克邦研究中收集的数据，力求了解身心健康中合并症的因果关系。我发现，一年后，暴露于这种急性不良健康事件会使心理困扰增加1.5个标准差。身体残疾是关键的调解机制，占观察到的总效果的65％。由健康休克引起的债务并未调解所观察到的暴露与痛苦水平之间的关联。身体健康事件，尤其是与残疾水平增加相关的急性状况，在一年后对心理健康产生了巨大且显着的因果关系。在第3章中，我使用以下方法检查了美国慢性病发作的后果和预测因素：来自健康与退休研究（HRS）的8次浪潮的数据。我发现重大慢性病的发作使自费支出增加了大约

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