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>Optical methodologies for the detection of field carcinogenesis: Investigation of low-coherence enhanced backscattering spectroscopy, polarization gating spectroscopy, and partial coherence speckle.
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Optical methodologies for the detection of field carcinogenesis: Investigation of low-coherence enhanced backscattering spectroscopy, polarization gating spectroscopy, and partial coherence speckle.
It is now widely accepted that light scattering is a highly sensitive tool that has the potential to be used for cancer detection and many groups have applied light scattering for the detection and diagnosis of disease. Our group has shown that the backscattering signal is sensitive to the architectural changes of cancer at stages that occur earlier than any available biomarker (Kim, et al., 2005b, Roy, et al., 2006b, Roy, et al., 2005b, Roy, et al., 2004c, Roy, et al., 2004d, Wali, et al., 2005b). We have demonstrated that the backscattering signal has the potential to sense subtle changes in tissue architecture with the potential for detecting colorectal or pancreatic cancer by observing tissue away from the site of the tumor. In this thesis, several techniques are presented which can quantify the properties of biological media by observing the backscattering signal. The techniques are shown to be able to distinguish between healthy patients and patients with pre-cancer or cancer by evaluating a small amount of tissue at an uninvolved location. Probe designs as well as in vivo data are also presented to demonstrate the potential of these techniques for impacting clinical practice. Finally, a correspondence between the measured parameters and the optical properties of the scattering medium is established with experiments on polystyrene microsphere suspensions and light Monte Carlo simulations. The techniques discussed, include low coherence enhanced backscattering spectroscopy (LEBS), polarization gating spectroscopy, and partial coherence speckle. Each of them utilizes an independent physical principle to obtain a depth-selective signal from tissue scattering. We demonstrate how using these methods can aid in diagnosing colon cancer and pancreatic cancer by quantifying the microscopically unapparent changes that accompany field carcinogenesis.
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