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首页> 外文学位 >At the common altar: Political messianism, practical ethics & post-war Jewish thought.
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At the common altar: Political messianism, practical ethics & post-war Jewish thought.

机译：在共同的祭坛上：政治弥赛亚主义，实践伦理和战后犹太思想。

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摘要

This dissertation shows that a cohort of twentieth century Diaspora Jewish thinkers have reflected on common themes regarding the nature of "messianic" mass movements, radical responsibility towards others, the lessons of the Holocaust, and the role of Jewish tradition. This dissertation argues, in light of their work, that the primary challenge for Jewish thought is to recover a tradition of political messianism informed by ethical monotheism and religious social practices. The recovery of such messianism corresponds to emerging forms of Jewish progressivism that see religious community as the effective vehicle for organizing universalistic social justice campaigns.;Before the world wars, Moses Hess and Hermann Cohen framed radical Jewish politics in the language of messianism. Their Judaism was a universal socialism couched in the language of a particular tradition. However, Cold War liberals such as Jacob Talmon and Isaiah Berlin blamed political messianism for the political disasters of the twentieth century, even tracing their origins to the French Revolution while exempting successful movements such as Zionism. Recent critics of messianism such as Jacqueline Rose and Richard Wolin are examined and discussed in light of a broader conception of messianic politics and progressive Jewish messianism. This dissertation sets all of these figures in the context of the twentieth century Jewish Diaspora.;Emil Fackenheim's post-Holocaust theology inverts political messianism by advocating Jewish particularism without the mediation of universal ethics. Fackenheim's politics are considered in light of Emmanuel Levinas, recent trends in Holocaust historiography, and the pervasive problems of preventing mass suffering and death.;The projects of Steven Schwarzschild and Michael Wyschogrod illustrate two opposing directions for Jewish philosophical self-conceptions. Jewish ethical identity is conceived as either a disembodied ideal or as a sanctified material condition. The former yields universalism but rejects the world, the latter embraces the people Israel, but diminishes universal ethics. Gillian Rose's account of Judaism as a political community and the possibility of a political Halackah are analyzed and considered as one response.;Rose's call for a non-utopian politics of tragi-comic risk requires a sense of the disciplining practices that would cultivate moral selves and instigate moral action in the larger context of justice. Edith Wyschogrod's account of the lives of saints is examined in light of recent work on altruism and adjusted with models of moral exemplarity taken from Jewish religion and Jewish history.;This dissertation concludes by suggesting that a tradition of moral messianic politics is best supplemented by the Jewish disciplinary practice of Mussar. The Mussar tradition, if situated in community organizing movements, may serve as the stabilizing bridge between ethical monotheism and redemptive politics.
机译：这篇论文表明，二十世纪的散居犹太人思想家群体已经对“弥赛亚”群众运动的性质，对他人的根本责任，大屠杀的教训以及犹太传统的作用等共同主题进行了反思。根据他们的工作，本文认为，犹太思想的主要挑战是恢复由伦理一神教和宗教社会实践所启发的政治弥赛亚传统。这种弥赛亚主义的复苏与犹太进步主义的新兴形式相对应，后者将宗教团体视为组织普遍社会正义运动的有效工具。在世界大战之前，摩西·赫斯和赫尔曼·科恩用弥赛亚主义构筑了激进的犹太政治。他们的犹太教是用特定传统语言表达的普遍社会主义。但是，诸如雅各布·塔尔蒙（Jacob Talmon）和以赛亚·柏林（Isaiah Berlin）之类的冷战自由主义者将政治救世主义归咎于20世纪的政治灾难，甚至将其起源追溯到法国大革命，同时豁免了像犹太复国主义这样的成功运动。杰西琳·罗斯（Jacqueline Rose）和理查德·沃林（Richard Wolin）等近来对弥赛亚主义的批评者，根据更广泛的弥赛亚政治概念和进步的犹太弥赛亚主义进行了研究和讨论。本文在二十世纪犹太人散居的背景下设定了所有这些数字。埃米尔·法肯海姆（Emil Fackenheim）的大屠杀后神学通过倡导犹太人特殊主义而没有普遍伦理的介入，从而颠覆了政治弥赛亚主义。从伊曼纽尔·莱维纳斯（Emmanuel Levinas），大屠杀史学的最新趋势以及防止大规模苦难和死亡的普遍性问题考虑法肯海姆的政治;史蒂文·施瓦茨希尔德（Steven Schwarzschild）和迈克尔·威斯科格罗德（Michael Wyschogrod）的项目说明了犹太人哲学自我构想的两个相反方向。犹太人的伦理身份被认为是无形的理想或成圣的物质条件。前者产生普世主义但拒绝世界，后者拥抱以色列人民，但削弱普遍伦理。吉利安·罗斯（Gillian Rose）对犹太教作为一个政治共同体的描述以及政治哈拉卡邦的可能性被分析并认为是一种回应;罗斯提出的非乌托邦式悲剧性风险政治呼吁需要一种能够培养道德自我的纪律做法并在更大的正义范围内倡导道德行动。伊迪丝·怀斯格罗德（Edith Wyschogrod）关于利他主义的近期著作得到了考察，并根据犹太教和犹太历史上的道德典范模型进行了调整。穆萨尔的犹太纪律实践。穆萨尔传统，如果存在于社区组织运动中，则可以作为伦理一神教和救赎政治之间的稳定桥梁。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ratzman, Elliot Ashley.;

  • 作者单位

    Princeton University.;

  • 授予单位 Princeton University.;
  • 学科 Religion Philosophy of.;Theology.;Jewish Studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 264 p.
  • 总页数 264
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 宗教理论、宗教思想;宗教;
  • 关键词

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