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Biomedical applications of carbon nanotubes.

机译：碳纳米管的生物医学应用。

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Nano-biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that bridges physical sciences with biological sciences via chemical tools. Carbon nanotubes with small sizes, unique one dimensional aromatic structure, and interesting inherent physical, especially optical, properties, have shown promise in biology and medicine. This thesis is a comprehensive study of using single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications. In vitro siRNA delivery by SWNTs into 'hard-to-transfect' cells is reported. Drug loading on functionalized SWNTs by supramolecular chemistry is developed for targeted delivery of aromatic cancer drugs to specific types of cancer cells. Next, in vivo biodistribution of SWNTs is monitored by a radiolabeling methodology, as well as ex-vivo Raman spectroscopy. The latter provides long-term fate and excretion information of SWNTs in mice. It is found that the surface chemistry of SWNTs largely governs their in vivo behaviors. Prolonged blood circulation, reduced uptake in reticuloendothelial systems (RES) and accelerated excretion are all achieved for SWNTs with superior biocompatible surface coating. Efficient in vivo tumor targeting is also realized by conjugating a targeting peptide to biocompatible SWNTs. After those fundamental explorations, in vivo cancer treatment by SWNT delivery is validated in xenograft mouse models with two chemotherapy drugs, paclitaxel and doxorubicin, loaded on nanotubes in two separate studies. Furthermore, isotope composition-dependent Raman spectroscopy signatures of SWNTs are used for multiple color Raman imaging. In addition to SWNTs, a novel carbon based nanomaterial, nano-graphene oxide, is synthesized and used for drug loading and delivery. Taken together, carbon nanotubes and related nano-biotechnologies are likely to provide new opportunities for challenging problems in biomedicine such as cancer treatment and imaging.
机译：纳米生物技术是一个跨学科的领域，通过化学工具将物理科学与生物科学联系起来。具有小尺寸，独特的一维芳族结构以及有趣的固有物理特性（尤其是光学特性）的碳纳米管在生物学和医学领域已显示出希望。本文是对在体外和体内生物医学应用中使用单壁碳纳米管（SWNT）的全面研究。据报道，SWNTs将siRNA体外递送到“难以转染”的细胞中。通过超分子化学将功能性SWNT上的药物负载开发成用于将芳香族抗癌药物靶向递送至特定类型的癌细胞。接下来，通过放射性标记方法以及离体拉曼光谱法监测SWNT的体内生物分布。后者提供了SWNT在小鼠中的长期命运和排泄信息。发现单壁碳纳米管的表面化学在很大程度上决定着它们的体内行为。具有优异生物相容性表面涂层的单壁碳纳米管可实现延长的血液循环，减少的网状内皮系统（RES）摄取和加速排泄。通过将靶向肽与生物相容性SWNT偶联，还可以实现有效的体内肿瘤靶向。在进行了这些基本探索之后，在两项单独的研究中，通过载于纳米管上的两种化疗药物紫杉醇和阿霉素在异种移植小鼠模型中验证了通过SWNT递送进行的体内癌症治疗。此外，SWNTs的同位素组成依赖性拉曼光谱特征用于多色拉曼成像。除单壁碳纳米管外，还合成了一种新型的基于碳的纳米材料，即纳米氧化石墨烯，并用于药物装载和输送。综上所述，碳纳米管和相关的纳米生物技术很可能为挑战诸如癌症治疗和成像等生物医学难题提供新的机会。

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