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Twenty-five years of sea turtle protection in Brazil: Evaluating local effects.

机译：巴西保护海龟25年：评估当地影响。

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摘要

This study evaluated how three conservation approaches implemented by the Brazilian Sea Turtle Conservation Program (the TAMAR Project) are related to local support for sea turtle conservation in Praia do Forte, Brazil. Four species of sea turtles nest in Praia do Forte. In Praia do Forte, locals harvested sea turtles for their meat and eggs on a regular basis to support subsistence needs. The three conservation strategies analyzed are employment opportunities and alternative sources of income from sea turtle ecotourism; enforcement of federal sea turtle protection laws; and implementation of environmental education programs via sea turtle ecotourism. These conservation strategies, which are implemented since 1982, represent both top-down and bottom-up conservation paradigms.;Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered through nine months of field-based research (between May 2006 and September 2008), using tools of participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and key informant interviews.;Results indicate that conservation strategies implemented by TAMAR seem to influence local support for sea turtle conservation. Income and environmental education programs to the local children are cited as the main benefits sea turtle conservation brings to the community. Enforcement caused resentment when first implemented, but is now perceived as a necessary strategy to protect sea turtles. The relative lack of community participation in sea turtle conservation seems not to have hampered local support for sea turtle conservation. In fact, the majority of respondents perceive TAMAR as the most appropriate entity to manage sea turtles, and only a minority believes the community should co-manage sea turtle conservation with TAMAR. Though these three conservation strategies seem to help maintain traditional ecological knowledge, the future of this knowledge across generations is uncertain.;Though community-based sea turtle conservation is working at the community scale, external factors associated with tourism development at the larger scale seem to influence both livelihoods and sea turtle survival. On a negative side, larger scale tourism development is associated with an increase in the cost of living, the introduction of drugs, violence and greater sense of insecurity, changes in the local fishing culture, and with ongoing threats to sea turtle survival. Tourism development is associated with benefits as well, including improvements in the local infrastructure, employment opportunities, and alternative sources of income.;Since tourism development, at both local and regional scales, is unlikely to decrease any time soon, sea turtle survival no longer solely depends in getting local support for sea turtle conservation, but also in addressing the external factors that drive conservation and consumption of sea turtles. Overall, sea turtle ecotourism is one part of a larger strategy for meeting local socioeconomic needs while also protecting sea turtles in Praia do Forte.
机译：这项研究评估了巴西海龟保护计划（TAMAR项目）实施的三种保护方法与巴西Praia do Forte本地对海龟保护的支持之间的关系。普拉亚杜福尔特有四种海龟筑巢。在Praia do Forte，当地人定期采集海龟的肉和蛋，以维持生计。分析的三种养护策略是海龟生态旅游的就业机会和替代收入来源；实施联邦海龟保护法；通过海龟生态旅游实施环境教育计划。自1982年以来实施的这些保护策略代表了自上而下和自下而上的保护范式。通过参与者的工具，通过9个月的实地研究（2006年5月至2008年9月）收集了定性和定量数据。观察，半结构化访谈和关键知情人访谈。结果表明，TAMAR实施的保护策略似乎影响了当地对海龟保护的支持。海龟保护带给社区的主要好处是对当地儿童的收入和环境教育计划。执法在最初实施时引起了不满，但现在被视为保护海龟的必要策略。社区相对缺乏海龟养护的参与似乎并未妨碍当地对海龟养护的支持。实际上，大多数受访者认为TAMAR是管理海龟的最合适实体，只有少数人认为社区应该与TAMAR共同管理海龟的保护。尽管这三种保护策略似乎有助于维护传统的生态知识，但这种知识在未来几代人中的前景仍不确定。;尽管以社区为基础的海龟保护正在社区范围内开展工作，但与旅游业大规模发展相关的外部因素似乎影响生计和海龟的生存。不利的一面是，旅游业的大规模发展与生活成本的增加，毒品的引进，暴力和更大的不安全感，当地捕鱼文化的变化以及对海龟生存的持续威胁有关。旅游业的发展也带来了好处，包括改善了当地的基础设施，就业机会和其他收入来源。；由于无论在地方还是区域范围内，旅游业的发展都不太可能很快减少，海龟的生存不再不仅取决于当地对海龟保护的支持，而且还取决于解决驱动海龟保护和消费的外部因素。总体而言，海龟生态旅游是在满足当地社会经济需求的同时，还保护普拉亚杜福尔特海龟的一项较大战略之一。

著录项

  • 作者

    Pegas, Fernanda De Vasconcellos.;

  • 作者单位

    Texas A&M University.;

  • 授予单位 Texas A&M University.;
  • 学科 Biology Conservation.;Environmental Sciences.;Education Environmental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 233 p.
  • 总页数 233
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境科学基础理论;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:38:29

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