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Removal and inactivation of microorganisms occluded in effluent wastewater particles using filtration and chlorine disinfection.

机译：使用过滤和氯消毒去除和灭活废水颗粒中所含的微生物。

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摘要

Within the wastewater treatment industry there is a trend toward increasingly stringent discharge standards resulting from the discharge of treated wastewater into sensitive water bodies and the practice of water recycling. One concern is that effluent wastewater particles can harbor microorganisms and shield them from disinfectants such as ultraviolet light and chlorine. To ensure occluded microorganisms are sufficiently reduced, particles can either be removed using filtration or sufficiently disinfected such that the occluded microorganisms are inactivated. In this work a combined experimental and modeling approach was taken for improving understanding of the removal and inactivation of occluded microorganisms in plant effluents. First, a model was developed for quantifying the presence of occluded microorganisms in plant effluents and demonstrated by collecting samples from an extended aeration treatment facility. The results indicate that heterotrophic bacteria were present in most particles at high concentrations, while aerobic endospores and total coliform bacteria were only present in a small fraction of particles. In addition to the model for occluded microorganisms, an integrated inactivation and radial pore diffusion model was used to estimate the efficacy of chlorine disinfection for inactivating microorganisms occluded in different sized particles. The integrated model was calibrated using disinfection and particle data collected from six operational facilities in the U.S. and model simulations were conducted to analyze the effects of altered particle counts and initial chlorine concentrations. The results indicate that chloramines were more effective for disinfecting occluded microorganisms than free chlorine products. The results also indicate that facilities that are designed and operated based on inactivating total coliform may be producing treated effluents that still contain viable occluded pathogens. The approach presented herein addresses an important problem: existing practice and regulatory frameworks do not directly address the issue of occluded microorganisms and the performance metrics used (e.g. turbidity) are not directly related to health risks. This work provides a significant contribution for providing a more meaningful use of particle counts for understanding the fate of occluded microorganisms in filtration and disinfection systems as well as the true concentration in treated effluents.
机译：在废水处理行业中，由于将处理过的废水排放到敏感水体中以及进行水循环利用，导致排放标准日益严格的趋势。一个令人关注的问题是，废水中的废水颗粒会掩盖微生物，并使其免受紫外线和氯等消毒剂的侵害。为了确保充分减少了被封闭的微生物，可以使用过滤去除颗粒或对其进行充分消毒，以使被封闭的微生物失活。在这项工作中，采用了一种组合的实验和建模方法，以增进对植物废液中微生物的去除和灭活的了解。首先，建立了一个模型，用于量化植物废液中被阻塞的微生物的存在，并通过从扩展的曝气处理设施收集样品来证明这一模型。结果表明异养细菌以高浓度存在于大多数颗粒中，而好氧内生孢子和大肠菌群细菌仅存在于一小部分颗粒中。除了用于封闭微生物的模型外，还使用集成的灭活和径向孔扩散模型来评估氯消毒对灭活被不同大小颗粒污染的微生物的功效。使用消毒和从美国六个运营机构收集的颗粒数据对集成模型进行了校准，并进行了模型仿真，以分析颗粒数变化和初始氯浓度变化的影响。结果表明，氯胺比游离氯产品对封闭的微生物更有效。结果还表明，基于灭活的总大肠菌群设计和运行的设施可能正在产生仍含有活的被封闭病原体的经处理废水。本文提出的方法解决了一个重要问题：现有的实践和监管框架没有直接解决被阻塞的微生物的问题，并且所使用的性能指标（例如浊度）与健康风险没有直接关系。这项工作为更有意义地利用颗粒计数，以了解过滤和消毒系统中被封堵的微生物的命运以及处理后废水的真实浓度，做出了重大贡献。

著录项

  • 作者

    Camarillo, Mary Kay.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Davis.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Davis.;
  • 学科 Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 108 p.
  • 总页数 108
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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