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首页> 外文学位 >Characterization of distal-less expression and function during the development of the larval olfactory system in Drosophila melanogaster.
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Characterization of distal-less expression and function during the development of the larval olfactory system in Drosophila melanogaster.

机译：果蝇的幼虫嗅觉系统发育过程中无远端表达和功能的表征。

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摘要

The primary focus of this thesis has been to examine distal-less function(s) during the development of the larval olfactory system in Drosophila melanogaster. distal-less encodes a homeodomain transcription factor that is expressed in developing appendages in organisms throughout metazoan phylogeny. However, based on observations of distal-less expression in the limbless nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the primitive chordate amphioxus, it was proposed that the ancestral function of distal-less was in the nervous system. Consistent with this hypothesis, the vertebrate homologs of dll, the Dlx genes, play critical roles in brain development. Although distal-less expression in the invertebrate nervous system has been reported, its function(s) there have not been investigated. I present here the first account of distal-less function in the invertebrate nervous system and establish that distal-less is necessary for the specification and morphological development of larval olfactory neurons in Drosophila melanogaster. distal-less continues to be expressed in chemosensory organs during larval stages, and behavioral assays indicate distal-less also functions in postmitotic neurons to mediate larval olfactory behavior. The findings presented here provide support for a fundamental role for distal-less in invertebrate neural development and neural function. The manipulations and techniques available in Drosophila make it a powerful model system for the identification of genetic relationships and functions that are, due to issues such as redundancy, difficult to discern in a vertebrate model system. Studies of Drosophila distal-less have the potential to impact human health in at least two ways. First, insects and other arthropods are responsible for the spread of diseases such as malaria, West Nile and Lyme disease. Olfactory cues are used as a means of locating human hosts, and therefore, a greater understanding of arthropod olfaction can aid in the development of novel strategies for combating the transmission of such diseases. Second, the Dlx genes have been implicated in a number of developmental neuropathologies including autism, Down syndrome, Rhett syndrome and epilepsy. Comparative studies of dll/Dlx functions in the invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems can provide insight into how disruptions in Dlx function result in aberrant neural development and the etiology of these disorders.
机译：本论文的主要重点是研究果蝇幼虫嗅觉系统发育过程中的远侧无功能。远侧无编码一个同源结构域转录因子，该因子在后生动物整个系统发育过程中的生物附肢中表达。然而，根据观察到的无肢线虫秀丽隐杆线虫和原始的绒螯蟹两栖动物中的远侧末端表达，提出了远侧末端的祖先功能在神经系统中。与此假设一致，dll的脊椎动物同系物Dlx基因在大脑发育中起关键作用。尽管已经报道了无脊椎动物神经系统中无远端表达，但尚未研究其功能。我在这里首先介绍了无脊椎动物神经系统中远侧功能的不足，并确定了远侧功能对于黑腹果蝇幼虫嗅觉神经元的发育和形态发育是必需的。在幼虫阶段，化学疗法的器官中会继续表达远侧少，行为分析表明有远侧少在有丝分裂后神经元中也具有介导幼体嗅觉行为的功能。此处提出的发现为无远侧神经在无脊椎动物神经发育和神经功能中的基本作用提供了支持。果蝇中可用的操作和技术使其成为鉴定遗传关系和功能的强大模型系统，这些遗传关系和功能由于冗余等问题而难以在脊椎动物模型系统中辨别。果蝇无远端研究至少有两种可能影响人类健康的潜力。首先，昆虫和其他节肢动物是造成疟疾，西尼罗河和莱姆病等疾病传播的原因。嗅觉提示被用作定位人类宿主的手段，因此，对节肢动物嗅觉的更多理解可以有助于开发新的策略来对抗此类疾病的传播。其次，Dlx基因已经牵涉到许多发育性神经病理学中，包括自闭症，唐氏综合症，瑞德综合症和癫痫病。对无脊椎动物和脊椎动物神经系统中dll / Dlx功能的比较研究可以提供洞察力，了解Dlx功能的破坏如何导致异常的神经发育和这些疾病的病因。

著录项

  • 作者

    Plavicki, Jessica.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;
  • 学科 Biology Neuroscience.;Biology Genetics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 146 p.
  • 总页数 146
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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