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Effects of confinement and interfacial chemistry on the ordering of liquid crystals.

机译：限制和界面化学对液晶有序性的影响。

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摘要

The impact of liquid crystals (LCs) on modern technology has been profound, but until recently the technological revolution brought by LCs has been largely focused on information displays. Recently, it has been recognized that the highly cooperative and long-range ordering transitions that propagate from the interfaces of LC materials can form the basis of methods to amplify and transduce molecular interactions, enabling principles for LC-amplified chemical sensing. Although several past studies have advanced these principles, the fundamental nature of the coupling that occurs between the ordering of the LCs and the organization of the interfacial molecular assemblies remains incompletely understood. In particular, the effects of confinement on the ordering of LCs, which reflects a subtle competition between bulk and surface energetics, has not been fully elucidated. In this thesis, these issues are addressed by novel experimental designs and complementary analysis.;Firstly, this thesis describes studies of the lateral organization of phospholipids and surfactants spontaneously assembled at the aqueous-LC interface from aqueous solution. These studies have revealed the role that LCs can play in directing the organization of the interfacial molecular assemblies. Experimental observations interpreted within the framework of a simple thermodynamics model have led to identification of a new mechanism of phase separation of adsorbed molecular species that is induced by the elasticity of LCs.;Secondly, the research described in this thesis describes the development of a novel experimental technique to synthesize oil-in-water emulsions that allow precise and independent control over emulsion size and interfacial chemistry. Studies based on this experimental technique have unmasked the first definitive understanding of size-dependent changes in the molecular ordering of LCs within droplets, as well as ordering transitions within LC droplets driven by interfacial events. These fundamental advances are used to demonstrate new principles based on LC emulsions for reporting interfacial enzymatic reactions. All these above-described observations, when combined, suggest that interfaces formed between LCs and aqueous phases represent a fundamentally interesting and technologically promising class of interfaces for chemical and biological sensing, active control of interfacial assemblies and realization of stimuli-responsive materials.
机译：液晶（LC）对现代技术的影响是深远的，但是直到最近，LC带来的技术革命仍主要集中在信息显示上。最近，已经认识到，从LC材料的界面传播的高度协作和远距离有序跃迁可以形成放大和转导分子相互作用的方法的基础，从而实现LC放大化学传感的原理。尽管过去的一些研究已经推进了这些原理，但是对LC的有序性与界面分子组装体的组织之间发生的偶联的基本本质仍未完全了解。特别是，尚未完全阐明限制对LC排序的影响，这反映了本体能和表面能之间的微妙竞争。本文通过新颖的实验设计和补充分析解决了这些问题。首先，本文描述了从水溶液中LC-LC界面自发组装的磷脂和表面活性剂的侧向结构研究。这些研究揭示了LC在指导界面分子组装体的组织中可以发挥的作用。在简单的热力学模型的框架内解释的实验观察结果已经确定了由LC的弹性引起的吸附分子种类相分离的新机制。其次，本文描述的研究描述了一种新型的研究进展。合成水包油乳液的实验技术，可以精确，独立地控制乳液的大小和界面化学。基于该实验技术的研究揭示了对液滴内LC分子的分子大小变化以及界面事件驱动的LC液滴内的有序跃迁的大小相关变化的最初确定性了解。这些基本进展被用于证明基于LC乳液的新原理，用于报告界面酶促反应。所有这些上述观察结果相结合，表明LC和水相之间形成的界面代表了化学和生物感测，界面组件的主动控制以及刺激响应材料的实现方面的一种基本有趣且在技术上很有希望的界面。

著录项

  • 作者

    Gupta, Jugal K.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;
  • 学科 Engineering Chemical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 310 p.
  • 总页数 310
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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