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Effects of sustainable and conventional fertilizers on plant growth and insect life history traits

机译：可持续和常规肥料对植物生长和昆虫生活史特征的影响

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摘要

Little is known about the effects on plant growth and pest abundance as sustainable fertilizers are becoming more common in greenhouse production. I conducted two studies to test the effects of sustainable production practices on plant growth and insect life history traits.;In the first study, five species of bedding plants were produced under conventional or sustainable growing practices to measure their effects on plant growth. Significant differences in plant growth in this study favored the sustainable treatment, although overall, plant growth was not affected by treatment.;In the second study, poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willdenow ex Klotzch) were grown with five fertilizer treatments and infested with silverleaf whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Gennadius) (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)) to test the effects on plant growth and insect life history traits. The poinsettias were fertilized with sustainable water-soluble fertilizer (WSF), conventional WSF, weekly alternation of these, controlled-release fertilizer, or clear water. Here, poinsettias grown with the sustainable WSF did not grow differently from those grown with the conventional WSF. The clear water treatment greatly reduced survivorship of whiteflies compared with all other treatments, which suggests that nutritional deficiency is a cause, due to the limited plant growth observed on poinsettias in the clear water treatment. Fecundity was reduced on both the clear water and sustainable WSF treatments. The trend varies from that observed among treatments when survivorship was calculated, and poinsettias in the Daniels Plant Food treatment contained the highest amino acid concentration compared with the other treatments. This suggests that other explanations such as plant defense mechanisms may be involved. Plants in the clear water control exhibited the lowest concentration of free amino acids, while those in the sustainable WSF treatment exhibited the highest concentration of free amino acids. Whitefly survivorship was greatest on plants with intermediate levels of total free amino acids. In addition, the proportion of shikimic pathway amino acids was negatively correlated with whitefly survivorship. These observations suggest a combination of nutritional and plant defense effects on whitefly life history.;Variation in amino acid concentration in petioles of plants treated with fertilizers makes it difficult to predict whether a particular fertilizer will produce plants with enough amino acids to deleteriously affect both survivorship and fecundity. However, my observations allow me to conclude that the use of this sustainable fertilizer will not cause increases in whitefly populations relative to plants fertilized with other fertilizers that deliver the same level of nitrogen to the plant.
机译：由于可持续肥料在温室生产中变得越来越普遍，因此对植物生长和有害生物丰度的影响知之甚少。我进行了两项研究，以测试可持续生产方式对植物生长和昆虫生活史特征的影响。在第一项研究中，按照常规或可持续生长方式生产了五种垫层植物，以测量其对植物生长的影响。本研究中植物生长的显着差异有利于可持续处理，尽管总的来说，植物生长不受处理的影响。烟粉虱生物型B型（Gennadius）（半翅目：Aleyrodidae），以测试其对植物生长和昆虫生活史特征的影响。一品红用可持续水溶性肥料（WSF），常规WSF，每周交替施用，控释肥料或清水施肥。在这里，可持续WSF种植的一品红与常规WSF种植的一品红没有什么不同。与所有其他处理方法相比，纯净水处理大大降低了粉虱的存活率，这表明营养不足是一个原因，因为在纯净水处理中在一品红上观察到的植物生长有限。清水和可持续的WSF处理的繁殖力都降低了。这种趋势与计算存活率时在各处理中观察到的趋势有所不同，与其他处理相比，Daniels植物食品处理中的一品红含有最高的氨基酸浓度。这表明可能涉及其他解释，例如植物防御机制。在清水控制下的植物表现出最低的游离氨基酸浓度，而在可持续的WSF处理中的植物表现出最高的游离氨基酸浓度。在总游离氨基酸水平中等的植物上，粉虱的存活率最高。此外，of草途径氨基酸的比例与粉虱的存活率呈负相关。这些观察结果表明营养和植物防御作用对粉虱生活史的综合影响。;用化肥处理过的植物的叶柄中氨基酸浓度的变化使人们难以预测特定的化肥是否会产生具有足够氨基酸的植物，从而有害地影响这两个植物的存活和生殖力。但是，根据我的观察，我可以得出这样的结论：相对于使用可向植物提供相同水平氮素的其他肥料施肥的植物，使用这种可持续性肥料不会导致粉虱种群的增加。

著录项

  • 作者

    England, Kathryn McNabb.;

  • 作者单位

    Purdue University.;

  • 授予单位 Purdue University.;
  • 学科 Entomology.;Horticulture.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 73 p.
  • 总页数 73
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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