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Comparative Morphology and Population Genomics of Naturally Co-Occurring North American Vitis Species.

机译：自然共生的北美葡萄物种的比较形态和种群基因组学。

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摘要

Leaf morphological variation in plants is can indicate genetic and environmental interaction. Through the study of leaf morphology, we can apply meaningful context to genetic regulation and development as well as glean insights into mechanisms of variation, such as recombination through intra- or interspecific gene flow. In turn, variation provides the necessary materials for natural selection to drive larger ecological and evolutionary processes such as local adaptation through natural selection, speciation, or ecological divergence. Economically important and ecologically pervasive North American Vitis species offer a unique opportunity to examine some of these evolutionary patterns. These species are long-lived, woody, ubiquitous members of eastern North American temperate forests, many with largely overlapping distributions. Interspecific hybridization is widely used in viticulture to produce more vigorous plants and is well documented in nature; however, the extent of gene flow among North American Vitis congeners within natural populations remains underexplored. This dissertation investigates patterns of morphological variation as well as genetic structure and differentiation in two closely related species, V. riparia and V. rupestris, and their co-occurring congeners. Vitis leaves are frequently used in evolutionary studies and cultivation practices, which make excellent characters for describing patterns of variation. First, leaf morphological variation within and among species and between individuals of V. riparia and V. rupestris were described, revealing a continuum of distinct leaf shapes within these levels of biological organization. Next, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and digital leaf morphometrics were used to characterize Vitis individuals at seven field sites in the Midwest United States across the distributions of V. riparia and V. rupestris . Using GBS data, six genetic clusters were detected, with evidence for some genetically admixed individuals. This pattern of genetic differentiation is coherent with existing Vitaceae phylogenetic relationships and morphological species descriptions for six taxa. Leaf shape data analyzed using digital morphometric techniques largely support these species designations. Interestingly, there was preliminary observational evidence that V. rupestris leaf morphology exhibits a narrower range of variation when growing in sympatry with V. vulpina than when it occurs in allopatry. This pattern may be indicative of ecological competition occurring between these two Vitis species. These data support evidence for the role of species maintenance in the presence of interspecific gene flow and advocate for the examination of complex evolutionary histories through multiple means.
机译：植物叶片的形态变化可以指示遗传和环境的相互作用。通过对叶片形态的研究，我们可以将有意义的背景应用于遗传调控和发展，并深入了解变异机制，例如通过种内或种间基因流进行重组。反过来，变异为自然选择提供了必要的材料，以推动更大的生态和进化过程，例如通过自然选择，物种形成或生态差异进行局部适应。具有重要经济意义和生态学意义的北美葡萄物种提供了独特的机会来研究其中一些进化模式。这些物种是北美东部温带森林的长寿，木质，无处不在的成员，许多分布分布广泛。种间杂交在葡萄栽培中被广泛使用，以产生更有活力的植物，并且在自然界有据可查。然而，自然种群中北美葡萄属同源基因之间的基因流动程度仍未得到充分研究。本文研究了两个紧密相关物种-河豚草（V. riparia）和豌豆弧菌（V. rupestris）及其共生同源物的形态变异模式，遗传结构和分化。葡萄叶片经常用于进化研究和栽培实践中，这是描述变异模式的极好特征。首先，描述了物种内和物种间以及个体间的叶片形态变化，揭示了在这些生物组织水平内不同叶片形状的连续体。接下来，通过序列基因分型（GBS）和数字叶片形态计量学来表征美国中西部七个野外现场的葡萄树（Vitis riparia）和豌豆（V. rupestris）的特征。使用GBS数据，检测到六个基因簇，并为一些遗传混杂的个体提供了证据。这种遗传分化模式与六种类的现存的葡萄科系统发育关系和形态学物种描述相一致。使用数字形态计量学技术分析的叶片形状数据在很大程度上支持了这些物种名称。有趣的是，有初步的观察证据表明，在与V. vulpina共生的情况下，比在异色症中发生时，小叶隐孢子虫的叶片形态变化范围更窄。这种模式可能表明这两种葡萄之间发生了生态竞争。这些数据支持物种在种间基因流的存在下维持物种的作用的证据，并主张通过多种手段检查复杂的进化历史。

著录项

  • 作者

    Klein, Laura L.;

  • 作者单位

    Saint Louis University.;

  • 授予单位 Saint Louis University.;
  • 学科 Botany.;Molecular biology.;Plant sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 164 p.
  • 总页数 164
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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