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首页> 外文学位 >Hybrid Anion Exchange Nanotechnology (HAIX-Nano) for Concurrent Trace Contaminant Removal with Partial Desalination: Laboratory and Fieldscale Investigations.
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Hybrid Anion Exchange Nanotechnology (HAIX-Nano) for Concurrent Trace Contaminant Removal with Partial Desalination: Laboratory and Fieldscale Investigations.

机译：混合阴离子交换纳米技术（HAIX-Nano）用于部分脱盐的同时去除痕量污染物：实验室和现场规模研究。

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摘要

Millions of people across the Indian subcontinent are at risk of chronic exposure to arsenic and fluoride in aquifers with excess TDS (>500 mg/L). Hybrid anion exchange resins with nanoparticles of zirconium oxide (HAIX-NanoZr) were created for effective fluoride removal; zirconium oxide selectively bound fluoride, silica, and phosphate. The zeta potential of HAIX-NanoZr was directly correlated to the fluoride removal capacity. Thus, to increase fluoride capacity and achieve partial desalination concurrently, a weak acid cation (WAC) exchange pretreatment was used to lower alkalinity, hardness, pH, and TDS. Consistent partial desalination (~50%) occurred in proportion to influent alkalinity and hardness. With regular acid conditioning of WAC, the fluoride capacity of HAIX-NanoZr increased 10x, 300 bed volumes (BVs) to 3500 BVs. Upon regeneration with 2% NaOH, >95% of capacity was restored; fluoride treatment was identical over three consecutive cycles with water from a fluoride-contaminated well (Nakuru, Kenya). Passive pH adjustment (pH 6.5--8.5) of HAIX-NanoZr effluent was achieved with WAC-Na form and/or dolomite.;Pilot-scale production of HAIX-NanoZr was researched and developed in Kolkata; analysis of zirconium content and fluoride capacity were performed at Lehigh. Modifications to washing/drying steps were critical for high fluoride capacity. Concurrently, Drinkwell (WIST, Inc., USA; WIST Systems Pvt. Ltd., India) was founded to scale-up HAIX-NanoZr across the Indian subcontinent. An exclusive licensing agreement for HAIX-NanoZr to an Indian partner company was created to pursue Indian government grants and tenders for arsenic and fluoride treatment. Under government supervision, HAIX-NanoZr was piloted for fluoride/TDS removal in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal; HAIX-NanoFe/Zr was piloted for arsenic removal in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. After initial lessons, treatment systems have met Indian drinking water standards.;A cash flow model of HAIX-Nano as an entrepreneur-owned small business was developed and Monte Carlo analysis was performed. After being capitalized, self-sustaining operations with market-rate wages were achievable under a range of scenarios. But, capitalization will be difficult for most operations. Price of water and number of customers (TR = P x Q) were the most sensitive input variables, i.e., the most critical factor to financially sustainable water treatment was good business practices.
机译：TDS（> 500 mg / L）过多的印度次大陆有数百万人面临长期暴露于含水层中砷和氟化物的风险。创建了具有纳米氧化锆（HAIX-NanoZr）纳米粒子的杂合阴离子交换树脂，可有效去除氟化物。氧化锆选择性地结合氟化物，二氧化硅和磷酸盐。 HAIX-NanoZr的Zeta电位与除氟能力直接相关。因此，为了提高氟化物容量并同时实现部分脱盐，使用弱酸阳离子（WAC）交换预处理可降低碱度，硬度，pH和TDS。与进水碱度和硬度成比例地发生一致的部分淡化（〜50％）。通过对WAC进行常规酸处理，HAIX-NanoZr的氟化物容量增加了10倍，300床体积（BV）增至3500 BV。用2％NaOH再生后，> 95％的容量得以恢复；在连续三个周期中，用氟化物污染井（肯尼亚纳库鲁）中的水进行氟化物处理是相同的。以WAC-Na形式和/或白云石的形式实现了HAIX-NanoZr废水的被动pH调节（pH 6.5--8.5）；在加尔各答研究开发了HAIX-NanoZr的中试规模；在Lehigh进行了锆含量和氟化物容量的分析。清洗/干燥步骤的修改对于高氟化物容量至关重要。同时，Drinkwell（美国WIST，Inc .；印度WIST Systems Pvt。Ltd.）的成立是为了在印度次大陆上扩大HAIX-NanoZr的规模。 HAIX-NanoZr与印度合作伙伴达成了独家许可协议，以寻求印度政府对砷和氟化物的赠款和招标。在政府的监督下，HAIX-NanoZr在安得拉邦，阿萨姆邦，中央邦，奥里萨邦和西孟加拉邦进行了除氟/ TDS试验。 HAIX-NanoFe / Zr在恰蒂斯加尔邦，贾坎德邦和西孟加拉邦进行了除砷试验。经过最初的课程后，处理系统已达到印度饮用水标准。;开发了HAIX-Nano作为企业家所有的小型企业的现金流模型，并进行了蒙特卡洛分析。资本化之后，在各种情况下都可以实现以市场价格工资维持自我维持的业务。但是，对于大多数业务而言，大写将是困难的。水价和客户数量（TR = P x Q）是最敏感的输入变量，即，财务上可持续的水处理的最关键因素是良好的商业惯例。

著录项

  • 作者

    German, Michael S.;

  • 作者单位

    Lehigh University.;

  • 授予单位 Lehigh University.;
  • 学科 Environmental engineering.;Sustainability.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 300 p.
  • 总页数 300
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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