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首页> 外文学位 >Elucidating factors that contribute to insecticide resistance in the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae s.s. in West Africa.
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Elucidating factors that contribute to insecticide resistance in the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae s.s. in West Africa.

机译：阐明冈比亚按蚊M和S分子形式的抗药性的因素。在西非。

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摘要

Insecticide resistance genes in Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto threaten to compromise vector-based malaria control programs. Two mutations at the same locus in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene are known to confer knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids and DDT. Kdr-e is associated with resistance in East Africa, while kdr-w is associated with resistance in West Africa. In West Africa, An. gambiae exists in discrete subpopulations known as M and S molecular forms. These forms occur in sympatry but exhibit very limited gene flow. On the island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea, kdr was not detectable in either form prior to a large-scale pyrethroid spray campaign. Following the campaign we detected kdr at high frequencies in the M form. Kdr was absent in the S form on the island and absent in the nearest continental populations. Through sequence comparisons of the polymorphic intron preceding kdr, we determined that kdr arose independently in the M form, most likely in response to intensive insecticide use. The kdr-e allele is no longer restricted to East Africa and has been detected in areas of West Africa co-occurring with kdr-w. We analyzed the frequency and relationship between kdr genotypes and resistance to Type I and Type II pyrethroids and DDT. Kdr-e and kdr-w were detected in both forms but were predominant in the S form. Both kdr-e and kdr-w were closely associated with resistance to DDT and weakly associated with resistance to Type II pyrethroids. Kdr-w conferred greater resistance to permethrin than kdr-e . Implications of allele spread on insecticide efficacy are discussed. In Mali, kdr is limited to the S molecular form, even in sympatric populations with high insecticide use. We examine the role of alternative resistance mechanisms in conferring resistance in both forms. This family level study analyzed the role of kdr and enzyme activity by P450 monooxygenase, esterase and glutathione S-transferase in conferring resistance in populations from villages with high and low insecticide use. Overall this study suggests that kdr is the primary mechanism of resistance in An. gambiae and illustrates the need for multiple methods of control to support integrated vector management.
机译：冈比亚按蚊严格的杀虫剂抗性基因威胁要破坏基于媒介的疟疾控制程序。已知电压门控钠通道基因中同一基因座的两个突变可赋予拟除虫菊酯和DDT敲除抗性（kdr）。 Kdr-e与东非的抵抗力有关，而kdr-w与西非的抵抗力有关。在西非，冈比亚以离散的亚群（称为M和S分子形式）存在。这些形式以共生形式出现，但显示出非常有限的基因流。在赤道几内亚的比奥科岛上，大规模的拟除虫菊酯喷洒运动之前，两种形式均未检测到kdr。战役结束后，我们以M形式高频检测到kdr。 Kdr在岛上不存在S形，而在最近的大陆人口中不存在。通过对kdr之前的多态性内含子进行序列比较，我们确定kdr以M形式独立出现，最有可能是对杀虫剂的大量使用造成的。 kdr-e等位基因不再局限于东非，并且在与kdr-w同时出现的西非地区已被发现。我们分析了kdr基因型与对I型和II型拟除虫菊酯和DDT的抗性之间的频率和关系。两种形式均检测到Kdr-e和kdr-w，但以S形式居多。 kdr-e和kdr-w都与对DDT的抗性密切相关，而与对II型拟除虫菊酯的抗性弱相关。与kdr-e相比，Kdr-w对氯菊酯的抵抗力更大。讨论了等位基因传播对杀虫剂功效的影响。在马里，kdr仅限于S分子形式，即使在杀虫剂使用量较高的同胞人群中也是如此。我们研究了两种形式的抗药性在赋予抗药性中的作用。这项家庭水平的研究分析了P450单加氧酶，酯酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的kdr和酶活性在赋予高杀虫剂使用量和低杀虫剂的村庄的居民中赋予抗药性的作用。总体而言，这项研究表明，kdr是抗性的主要机制。冈比亚，说明需要多种控制方法来支持集成媒介管理。

著录项

  • 作者

    Reimer, Lisa Joy.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Davis.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Davis.;
  • 学科 Biology Entomology.;Health Sciences Epidemiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 101 p.
  • 总页数 101
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 昆虫学;
  • 关键词

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