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Towards room temperature processed and completely flexible organic photovoltaics.

机译：迈向室温处理和完全柔性的有机光伏。

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摘要

This thesis presents the work towards identifying and developing materials and processes necessary to fabricate inexpensive, flexible and room temperature processed organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs). A method for rapidly fabricating and characterizing OPVs utilizing gallium-indium eutectic (liquid at room temperature) to replace thermally evaporated aluminum and a simple halogen light as a replacement for a solar simulator is described. Poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) bulk heterojunctions were utilized for absorbing light and generating charge carriers. P3HT:PCBM OPVs using traditional transparent and conducting materials for carrier collection such as indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass and fabrication processes such as thermal annealing were optimized. Thermal annealing is an integral step in developing the morphology necessary to create high efficiency OPVs, but is detrimental to many flexible (plastic) substrates. In order to overcome this limitation, a technique utilizing room temperature solvent vapor annealing for improving OPV efficiency was developed and the mechanisms leading to such improvement are elucidated through in situ and ex situ characterization. The analyses revealed that solvent vapor annealing at room temperature leads to comparable changes in morphology and charge transport as thermal annealing.;ITO is expensive and substantially loses conductivity when flexed. As an alternative, single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) thin film as a transparent and conducting material was investigated. Using a solution of dispersed SWNTs, networks with densities just above the metallic percolation threshold were deposited with conductivity and transmission properties comparable to ITO. Additionally, they are flexible without a loss in conductivity with bending cycles. OPVs with SWNT thin films as the hole collecting electrodes showed better performance than ITO reference cells. The mechanism for the better performance was attributed to the three dimensional interface between the P3HT:PCBM and the SWNTs which allows efficient capture of holes. The presence of birefringence in SWNT thin films and its influence on OPV properties as a function of angle of illumination is also described. The results presented in this thesis should lead to a better understanding of the P3HT:PCBM system and demonstrate promising solutions towards the realization of flexible, room temperature processed and inexpensive OPVs.
机译：本文提出了识别和开发制造廉价，灵活和室温处理的有机光伏器件（OPV）所需的材料和工艺的工作。描述了一种利用镓-铟共晶（室温下为液体）代替热蒸发的铝和简单的卤素灯作为太阳能模拟器的替代物来快速制造和表征OPV的方法。聚（3-己基噻吩）：苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯（P3HT：PCBM）本体异质结用于吸收光并生成电荷载流子。 P3HT：PCBM OPV使用传统的透明和导电材料进行载体收集，例如氧化铟锡（ITO）涂层玻璃，并优化了制造工艺，例如热退火。热退火是开发产生高效OPV所必需的形态的必不可少的步骤，但对许多柔性（塑料）基板有害。为了克服该限制，开发了一种利用室温溶剂蒸气退火来提高OPV效率的技术，并且通过原位和非原位表征阐明了导致这种改进的机理。分析表明，在室温下进行溶剂蒸汽退火会导致形貌和电荷传输方面的变化与热退火相当。ITO价格昂贵，弯曲时会实质上失去导电性。作为替代方案，研究了单壁碳纳米管（SWNT）薄膜作为透明导电材料。使用分散的单壁碳纳米管溶液，沉积了刚好高于金属渗透阈值的密度的网络，其电导率和传输性能与ITO相当。另外，它们是柔性的，不会因弯曲循环而损失导电性。具有SWNT薄膜作为空穴收集电极的OPV比ITO参考电池具有更好的性能。性能更好的机制归因于P3HT：PCBM和SWNT之间的三维界面，该界面可以有效捕获空穴。还描述了SWNT薄膜中双折射的存在及其对OPV属性的影响，该影响是照明角度的函数。本文提出的结果应能使人们更好地理解P3HT：PCBM系统，并为实现灵活，室温处理和廉价的OPV展示有前途的解决方案。

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  • 作者

    Miller, Steven Lawrence.;

  • 作者单位

    Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick.;

  • 授予单位 Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick.;
  • 学科 Engineering Materials Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 179 p.
  • 总页数 179
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 工程材料学;
  • 关键词

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