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Place-making in Arizona's southwestern desert.

机译：在亚利桑那州西南沙漠的场所。

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This qualitative place-making inquiry has two goals: first, to improve understanding of what people make of Arizona's unbuilt southwestern desert lands as place and, second, to seek patterns in the dynamics of place-making that might apply to unbuilt landscapes more generally. The research investigates place-making through examination of desert experiences of natural scientists and policy makers in three time periods: the mid 19th Century, the turn of the 20th Century and the present day.; Place-making is framed as a complex adaptive system (CAS), constantly dynamic and mutually defining. Key aspects of the place-making CAS are space, people, experiences between them and elements of the larger context. Two intangible forms of place are considered: relationships between individuals and space and meanings ascribed to the space. Specific properties of relationships and meanings emerge from the process.; Natural science and public policy documents from two historical periods were examined; 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted with contemporary natural scientists and policy participants. Iterative textual analysis identified five types of relationships between individuals and desert lands: alienated, indifferent, appreciative, attached and at home. Analysis also found that meanings are ascribed to the land in ways that answer four overarching place-making questions. The answers to these questions describe the physical character of the land, assess its value and potential as individual home or national homeland and describe the ways in which people care about the land.; This research shows that, as desert place-making unfolds, this land tends to resist people and people's changing needs fuel constant adaptive changes in relationships and meanings. Experiences facilitate these changes. Elements of the larger context both expand and limit place outcome possibilities.; Future research that addresses desert relationships and meanings of other groups would expand the public's understanding of Arizona's desert lands; research that tests the CAS framework, the relationship typology and the four overarching place-making questions from this study would improve the understanding of place-making in unbuilt landscapes.
机译：这种定性的场所调查具有两个目标：首先，增进人们对亚利桑那州未建西南沙漠土地作为场所的了解，其次，寻找可以更普遍地应用于未建成景观的场所建设动态模式。该研究通过考察三个时期的自然科学家和决策者的沙漠经历来研究场所营造：19世纪中叶，20世纪初和今天。场所营造被定义为一个复杂的自适应系统（CAS），该系统不断变化并相互定义。场所制作CAS的关键方面是空间，人员，它们之间的体验以及更大范围的元素。考虑了两种无形的位置形式：个体与空间之间的关系以及归因于空间的意义。关系和含义的特定属性从该过程中出现。研究了两个历史时期的自然科学和公共政策文件；对当代自然科学家和政策参与者进行了14次半结构化访谈。反复的文本分析确定了个人与沙漠土地之间的五种类型的关系：疏远，冷漠，欣赏，依恋和在家。分析还发现，意义是通过回答四个总体场所问题来赋予土地的。这些问题的答案描述了土地的物理特性，评估了土地的价值和作为个人家园或国家家园的潜力，并描述了人们关心土地的方式。这项研究表明，随着沙漠场所的发展，这片土地倾向于抵制人们，人们的变化需求助长了人与人之间关系和意义的不断变化。经验促进了这些变化。更大范围的内容既扩大又限制了地点结果的可能性。未来针对沙漠关系和其他群体含义的研究将扩大公众对亚利桑那州沙漠土地的了解。测试CAS框架，关系类型以及该研究中的四个总体场所问题的研究将增进对未建成景观中场所建设的理解。

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