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Richard T. Ely's critique of capitalism.

机译：理查德·伊利（Richard T. Ely）对资本主义的批评。

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This study is a critical assessment of Richard T. Ely's rejection of capitalism and a natural right to property, and his argument for a progressive understanding of property rights. As an academic, social gospel advocate, and activist, Ely was very influential in the reshaping of American politics and economics during the Progressive Era. In Ely's understanding, progressive economics mixes elements of capitalism and socialism in practical combinations in order to secure the full human development of all. To help advance this new economics, he proposed a progressive politics that would remove many of the restraints placed on the Federal government by the Founders. A reexamination of progressivism is warranted on account of the collapse of communism, which, strictly speaking, was an implementation of socialism. With the socialist extreme now discredited, we should consider the soundness of allegedly moderate combinations of socialism and capitalism that continue to be proposed as a legitimate Third Way between systems that are either straightforwardly capitalist or socialist. This work contributes to that reexamination by exploring Ely's efforts to advance the "Golden Mean"---his term for the Third Way. It analyses the soundness of Ely's understanding of the Founders, natural rights, and capitalism; the intellectual coherence of his ideas; the prospects for success of these ideas; and some actual results. It is the thesis of this study that Ely's project is questionable in a number of key respects. It dubiously claims that America's original natural rights grounding is theoretically and practically unsound. It attempts to bring about individual development in an apparently contradictory way, that is, by replacing the individualism of the Founders with a form of collectivism and statism. It tries to substitute, for the Founders' conception of a natural right to property, an intellectually and politically unstable notion of property as defined by government and implemented in ways that damage self-government. It relies upon a progressive theory of history that has difficulty accounting for actual and possible historical movements. And it unintentionally exacerbates class conflicts. We are called to consider an approach to politics and economics more consistent with the Founders and Locke.
机译：这项研究是对理查德·E·伊利（Richard T. Ely）对资本主义和自然财产权的拒绝的批判性评估，也是对渐进式理解财产权的论证。作为学术，社会福音的拥护者和维权人士，伊利在进步时代对美国政治和经济学的重塑具有非常重要的影响力。在伊利的理解中，进步经济学将资本主义和社会主义的要素实际结合在一起，以确保所有人的全面人类发展。为了推动这种新的经济学发展，他提出了一种进步的政治政策，以消除创始人对联邦政府的许多限制。由于共产主义的崩溃，必须重新审视进步主义，严格来说，这是社会主义的一种实施。鉴于现在已经声名狼藉的社会主义极端主义，我们应该考虑所谓的社会主义和资本主义的适度结合的合理性，而这种结合仍然被认为是直接在资本主义或社会主义之间的合法的第三条道路。这项工作通过探索伊利为推进“黄金中庸”（他的第三种方式）而做出的努力，为这种重新审查做出了贡献。它分析了伊利对创始人，自然权利和资本主义的理解的正确性；他的思想在思想上的连贯性；这些想法成功的前景；和一些实际结果。这项研究的论点是，Ely的项目在许多关键方面都有问题。它怀疑地认为，美国最初的自然权利基础在理论上和实践上都是不正确的。它试图以一种明显矛盾的方式来实现个人发展，即以集体主义和国家主义的形式代替创始人的个人主义。它试图用创始人定义的自然财产权的概念代替由政府定义并以损害自治的方式实施的思想上和政治上不稳定的财产概念。它依赖于历史的进步理论，该理论难以解释实际的和可能的历史运动。它无意间加剧了阶级冲突。我们被要求考虑一种与创始人和洛克更一致的政治和经济学方法。

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