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Collaboration in transportation.

机译：运输方面的合作。

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摘要

In this thesis, we investigate synergies between participants in transportation and distribution systems and we explore collaborative approaches to exploit these synergies to reduce transportation and distribution costs. Implementing collaborative approaches not only involves identifying and exploiting synergies between system participants, but also entails allocating any benefits fairly among them. We study collaboration in two environments: truckload transportation and vendor management inventory replenishment.;In truckload transportation synergies between loads may be exploited to increase truck utilization by reducing empty repositioning and thus reducing transportation costs. Shippers may exploit synergies by offering continuous move routes (with little or no empty repositioning) to carriers in return for reduced per mile charges. Carriers may exploit synergies by exchanging loads among themselves to reduce empty repositioning and thus increase truck utilization. In vendor managed inventory replenishment synergies between customers, due to their locations, usage rates, and storage capacities, may be exploited to reduce distribution costs by serving nearby customers on the same route at the same time.;By integrating non-cooperative and cooperative game theory methods with optimization techniques, we develop mechanisms to initiate and maintain collaborations. In contrast to earlier work on collaborative approaches, which focused on procurement, identifying and evaluating the value of synergies in transportation and distribution systems is difficult and requires optimization techniques. Furthermore, generic game theory models seldom lead to practically viable collaboration mechanisms. Therefore, we take the practical characteristics of the environment into consideration when developing collaborative solutions, thus ensuring that the resulting mechanisms are viable in that environment.;The first part of the thesis addresses the cost allocation problem of a collaborative truckload transportation procurement network. More specifically, we study a logistics network where shippers identify collaborative routes with few empty truck movements in order to negotiate better rates with a common carrier. We investigate how to allocate the cost savings, or equivalently the cost, of these routes among the members of the collaboration. First, we show that proportional allocation methods and allocation methods used in practice have several drawbacks, particularly in terms of stability. Next, we develop several cost allocation mechanisms that satisfy desirable game theoretic and have desirable practical properties.;In the second part of the thesis, we investigate collaboration opportunities among carriers. When several carriers have to satisfy truckload transportation requests from various shippers, they may reduce their transportation costs by exchanging requests. First, we focus on computing the minimum cost to satisfy all requests, i.e., the cost associated with the "perfect" carrier collaboration. To be able to do so, we have to simultaneously assign requests to carriers and determine the optimal routes for satisfying the requests assigned to each carrier. Next, we develop and analyze various exchange mechanisms that allow carriers to exchange requests in order to realize some of the potential costs savings. As carriers act selfishly, it may not be possible to reach the perfect collaboration.;In the last part of the thesis, we study vendor managed inventory replenishment. Vendor managed inventory replenishment is a collaboration between a supplier and its customers. Our focus is on allocating the distribution costs incurred by the supplier among the customers. Simple cost allocation methods ignore synergies between the customers, due to their locations, usage rates, and storage capacities. As a result, the price charged to a customer for distribution does not represent the actual cost of serving that customer, and therefore the company may lose existing customers to the competition or decline prospective customers. We design a mechanism capable of computing a cost-to-serve for each customer that properly accounts for the synergies among customers.
机译：在本文中，我们研究了运输和分配系统参与者之间的协同作用，并探索了协作方法来利用这些协同作用来降低运输和分配成本。实施协作方法不仅涉及识别和利用系统参与者之间的协同作用，还需要在他们之间公平分配任何利益。我们在两种环境下研究协作：卡车运输和供应商管理库存补充。在卡车运输中，可以利用货物之间的协同作用来减少空的重新安置，从而降低运输成本，从而提高卡车的利用率。托运人可以通过向承运人提供连续的运输路线（很少或没有空的重新安置）来利用协同效应，以换取减少的每英里费用。承运人可以通过在彼此之间交换负载来利用协同作用，以减少空的重新安置，从而提高卡车的利用率。在供应商管理的客户之间，由于客户的位置，使用率和存储容量的原因，它们可以通过在同一条路线上同时为附近的客户提供服务来降低分销成本，这是通过整合非合作和合作博弈来实现的。理论方法和优化技术，我们开发机制来启动和维持协作。与之前集中于采购的协作方法的工作相反，确定和评估运输和分配系统中协同增效的价值是困难的，需要优化技术。此外，通用博弈论模型很少导致实际可行的协作机制。因此，在开发协作解决方案时，我们要考虑环境的实际特征，从而确保所产生的机制在该环境中是可行的。本文的第一部分解决了协作卡车运输采购网络的成本分配问题。更具体地说，我们研究了一个物流网络，在该网络中，托运人确定了卡车空运很少的协作路线，以便与共同的承运人协商更好的运价。我们研究了如何在协作成员之间分配这些路由的成本节省或等效成本。首先，我们表明比例分配方法和实践中使用的分配方法有几个缺点，特别是在稳定性方面。接下来，我们开发了满足理想的博弈论并具有理想的实用属性的几种成本分配机制。在论文的第二部分，我们研究了运营商之间的合作机会。当几个承运人必须满足各个托运人的卡车运输要求时，他们可以通过交换要求来降低运输成本。首先，我们专注于计算满足所有请求的最低成本，即与“完美”运营商协作相关的成本。为此，我们必须同时将请求分配给运营商，并确定满足分配给每个运营商的请求的最佳路线。接下来，我们开发和分析各种交换机制，这些机制允许运营商交换请求，以实现一些潜在的成本节省。由于承运人自私地采取行动，可能无法实现完美的协作。在本文的最后一部分，我们研究了供应商管理的库存补给。供应商管理的库存补给是供应商与其客户之间的协作。我们的重点是分配供应商在客户之间产生的分销成本。简单的成本分配方法由于客户的位置，使用率和存储容量而忽略了客户之间的协同作用。结果，向客户收取的经销价格并不代表服务该客户的实际成本，因此，公司可能会在竞争中失去现有客户或拒绝潜在客户。我们设计了一种机制，该机制能够计算每个客户的服务成本，并适当考虑客户之间的协同作用。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ozener, Okan Orsan.;

  • 作者单位

    Georgia Institute of Technology.;

  • 授予单位 Georgia Institute of Technology.;
  • 学科 Engineering Industrial.;Transportation.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 173 p.
  • 总页数 173
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 一般工业技术;综合运输;
  • 关键词

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