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Characterization of Microbial Contaminants Associated with Floor Material Types.

机译：与地板材料类型相关的微生物污染物的表征。

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摘要

People spend a major part of their time indoors, including time spent at their workplace and residence. Indoor environmental quality plays a vital role contributing to human health and wellbeing. Part of the indoor environment is flooring. Although the type of flooring material has been regarded to be an influencing factor for indoor air quality, there is a dearth of studies comparing the contribution of several flooring types in environmental contamination. The primary goal of this dissertation was to compare the various floor materials and their potential contribution to fate of environmental microbial contaminants. To achieve this goal, studies were designed to determine: a) the most efficient surface sampling method to estimate microbiological composition; b) Survivability of S. aureus and spores of A. niger on five common floor materials; c) Survivability of soil microbes on two common floor materials. and d) Bacterial microbiome analysis of floor samples in three buildings.;Comparison of three surface sampling methods on five floor materials found that the bulk-rinsate sampling method was the most sensitive and efficient method to quantify microbial contaminants from floor surfaces. The bulk-rinsate method uses the entire floor sample material and thus measures total biocontaminants associated with the floor surface. Five floor materials (commercial carpet, residential carpet, vinyl tile, wood, and porcelain tile) were inoculated with known bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi ( Aspergillus niger) as well as composite of microbes (bacteria and fungi) extracted from soil for survivability studies. Carpets both residential and rubber backed commercial showed a decline in survivability of both S. aureus and spores of A. niger in the absence of nutrition. While in the presence of additional nutrient (simulated in-use) S. aureus showed growth on carpets. In addition, A. niger spores which completely disappeared without nutrition, was viable up to day 28 in the presence of nutrition.;Hard surface floor materials -- vinyl, wood and porcelain -- had similar survivability patterns of both S. aureus and spores of A. niger. Both S. aureus and spores of A. niger had higher and longer survivability on vinyl in the presence of additional nutrient. This additional nutrient (Nutrient broth and 1XPBS) was a simulation for in-use condition and represents the potential of floor surfaces, especially if labile nutrient sources are present, to sustain microbial growth. Similar results were obtained with bacteria and fungi from soil inoculate. Soil bacteria on both carpets and floors survived for day 28.;Microbiome analysis for bacterial composition of actual in use floor materials was carried out using surface samples from floors located in a human hospital, a veterinary hospital and an office. Culture independent next generation sequencing was performed to identify the bacterial composition. The bacterial composition of the carpets and vinyl floors did not differ statistically. Both floor samples had bacterial composition enriched with soil bacteria. Proteobateria was the major phylum on all the floors. The composition also did not differ between the three buildings. However, traffic patterns were found to be significant for the Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) level. Higher traffic area had higher OTUs as well as high number of antibiotic resistance gene (tetQ) copies per floor sample.;The studies conducted to fulfill the requirements for this dissertation attempted to fill in the knowledge gap of survivability of bacteria and fungi on various environmental surfaces, such as floors. The survivability of clinically important bacteria and fungi for four weeks on floors may contribute significantly to environmental contribution Finally, as evident from the study, floors surfaces could be enriched with soil microbes containing pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance organisms which pose a significant public health risk.
机译：人们将大部分时间都花在室内，包括在工作场所和住所上花费的时间。室内环境质量对人类健康和福祉起着至关重要的作用。室内环境的一部分是地板。尽管地板材料的类型已被认为是影响室内空气质量的因素，但缺乏将几种地板类型对环境污染的贡献进行比较的研究。本文的主要目的是比较各种地板材料及其对环境微生物污染物命运的潜在贡献。为了实现这个目标，设计研究来确定：a）最有效的表面采样方法来估计微生物成分； b）金黄色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉孢子在五种常见地板材料上的生存能力； c）两种常见地板材料上土壤微生物的生存能力。 d）对三座建筑物的地面样本进行细菌微生物组分析。对五种地面材料的三种表面采样方法进行比较发现，散装冲洗液采样方法是量化地面表面微生物污染物最灵敏，最有效的方法。本体漂洗法使用整个地板样本材料，因此测量与地板表面相关的总生物污染物。用已知的细菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）和真菌（黑曲霉）以及从土壤中提取的微生物（细菌和真菌）复合物接种了五种地板材料（商业地毯，住宅地毯，乙烯基瓷砖，木材和瓷砖）学习。在没有营养的情况下，民用地毯和橡胶背衬的商业地毯均显示出金黄色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉孢子的存活率下降。在存在其他营养素（模拟使用）的情况下，金黄色葡萄球菌在地毯上显示出生长。此外，没有营养的黑曲霉孢子在有营养的情况下可以存活到第28天;硬质地板材料-乙烯基，木材和瓷器-具有与金黄色葡萄球菌和孢子相似的生存能力模式黑曲霉在存在其他营养物的情况下，金黄色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉的孢子在乙烯基上的存活率越来越高。这种额外的营养物（营养肉汤和1XPBS）是对使用条件的模拟，代表了地板表面的潜力，尤其是如果存在不稳定的营养物源时，可以维持微生物的生长。用土壤接种的细菌和真菌也获得了相似的结果。地毯和地板上的土壤细菌均存活了28天；使用位于人类医院，兽医医院和办公室的地板表面样品，对实际使用的地板材料中的细菌组成进行了微生物组分析。进行与培养物无关的下一代测序以鉴定细菌组成。地毯和乙烯基地板的细菌组成在统计学上没有差异。两个地板样品均具有富含土壤细菌的细菌组成。变形杆菌是所有楼层上的主要门。三座建筑之间的组成也没有差异。但是，发现业务分类单位（OTU）级别的流量模式很重要。较高的交通区域具有较高的OTU，每个楼层样本具有较高的抗生素抗性基因（tetQ）副本。为了满足本论文的要求而进行的研究试图填补各种环境下细菌和真菌的生存能力的知识空白。表面，例如地板。临床上重要的细菌和真菌在地板上可持续生存四个星期可能对环境贡献很大。最后，从研究中可以明显看出，地板表面可能富含土壤微生物，其中含有致病性细菌和抗生素抗性生物，对公众健康构成重大风险。

著录项

  • 作者

    Gupta, Mridula.;

  • 作者单位

    The Ohio State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Ohio State University.;
  • 学科 Environmental health.;Microbiology.;Public health.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 139 p.
  • 总页数 139
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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