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Visions of Unity: Philosophical Realism in Late Fourteenth-Century English Dream-Vision Poetry.

机译：统一视野：十四世纪末期英国梦境诗中的哲学现实主义。

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摘要

Over the past half-century literary critics have frequently depicted late fourteenth-century Middle English poetry, including dream-vision poetry, as endorsing nominalism. Scholars defending this claim have often started from a construal of nominalism now considered obsolete, yet it remains commonplace to find authors including Chaucer and Langland described as affirming nominalist views. This is unfortunate, for it is now known that late fourteenth-century English philosophers normally rejected nominalism. To the contrary, especially extreme forms of realism, the position opposed to nominalism, became preponderant. This thesis aims to restore late fourteenth-century English dream-vision poetry to its correct intellectual context. More fully, it contends that taking realism to underwrite the dream visions Pearl, Langland's Piers Plowman, and Chaucer's House of Fame unlocks insights foreclosed by the assumption that these poems presuppose nominalism.;This thesis first clarifies the character of realism and nominalism in fourteenth-century England. Realism and nominalism have been mistaken for theological outlooks, and nominalism has been equated with skepticism. But medieval nominalists did not advocate skepticism, and realism and nominalism are fundamentally philosophical stances. I show that realism and nominalism centre on incompatible views about how language is related to reality and that, secondarily but not less importantly, realism and nominalism entail incompatible views about whether or not individuals are metaphysically interconnected by common properties. Another position, idealism, also enters the debate insofar as realists held that nominalism leads to idealism. I then turn directly to Pearl, Piers Plowman, and The House of Fame. My readings of Pearl and Piers Plowman propose that they present, respectively, heavenly delight and human nature in a realist light---i.e., as common properties. My reading of The House of Fame offers that this text casts nominalism as leading to idealism. All three interpretations further understand these works' authors, like contemporaneous realist philosophers, as deeming realism essential for ascent to the divine. Realism emerges as an important underpinning of poems which, by virtue of this realist basis, I consider visions of unity..
机译：在过去的半个世纪中，文学评论家经常将十四世纪中叶的英语诗歌（包括梦境诗）描述为支持唯名主义。为这一主张辩护的学者通常从现在被认为已经过时的唯名论的解释开始，但是找到包括乔uc和兰兰德等被描述为肯定唯名主义观点的作者仍然很普遍。这是不幸的，因为众所周知，十四世纪后期的英国哲学家通常拒绝唯名论。相反，特别是极端形式的现实主义，即与唯名主义相对的立场，占了上风。本文旨在将十四世纪末期的英国梦境诗还原为正确的知识背景。更全面地讲，它认为以现实主义为梦Pearl以承的珍珠，兰兰德的皮尔斯·普洛曼和乔uc的名望之家解开了以这些诗为前提的假想主义所取消的见解。本论文首先在第十四章阐明了现实主义和唯名主义的特征。世纪英格兰。现实主义和唯名主义被误认为神学观点，而唯名论则被等同于怀疑主义。但是中世纪的唯名主义者并不主张怀疑主义，而现实主义和唯名主义从根本上是哲学立场。我表明，现实主义和唯名论围绕关于语言如何与现实相关的不相容观点，其次但同样重要的是，现实主义和唯名论要求关于个体是否通过共同属性在形而上学上相互联系的不相容观点。在现实主义者认为唯心主义导致唯心主义的范围内，理想主义也进入了争论。然后，我直接转到Pearl，Piers Plowman和The House of Fame。我对Pearl和Piers Plowman的阅读提出，它们分别以现实主义的光辉-即作为共同财产呈现天上的喜悦和人性。我对《光荣榜》的阅读提供的是，这段文字将唯名论归咎于唯心主义。所有这三种解释都进一步理解了这些作品的作者，例如当代的现实主义哲学家，都认为现实主义对于提升至神圣至为重要。现实主义作为诗歌的重要基础出现，凭借这种现实主义的基础，我考虑了统一的愿景。

著录项

  • 作者

    Allen, Ryan.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Toronto (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Toronto (Canada).;
  • 学科 Medieval literature.;Philosophy.;British Irish literature.;Medieval history.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 303 p.
  • 总页数 303
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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