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首页> 外文学位 >Investigating risks, effects, and a potential management strategy for avian vacuolar myelinopathy on southeastern reservoirs using an eco-epidemiological approach.
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Investigating risks, effects, and a potential management strategy for avian vacuolar myelinopathy on southeastern reservoirs using an eco-epidemiological approach.

机译：使用生态流行病学方法调查东南水库禽空泡脊髓病的风险，影响和潜在管理策略。

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摘要

Avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) is a neurologic disease of unknown etiology that has severely impacted waterbirds and raptors in the Southern United States since it was first diagnosed in 1994. Research studies have suggested that the causative agent is a neurotoxin produced by a previously undescribed Stigonematalan cyanobacterium which grows epiphytically on submerged aquatic vegetation. A suite of experiments were conducted to determine if: (1) triploid Chinese grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) are an appropriate management strategy for AVM; (2) to measure mammalian susceptibility to cyanobacterium exposure; and, (3) to discern population-level impacts to American coots (Fulica americana ) and bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) on J. Strom Thurmond Lake (JSTL), during an AVM epizootic. In order to determine a cause-effect linkage, the existing body of AVM research was analyzed, and our working hypothesis was critically tested using Hill's epidemiology criteria, as adapted to ecotoxicology.; Grass carp that were fed hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) with the Stigonematalan cyanobacterium in field and laboratory trials developed microscopic lesions, in the white matter of the brain, that were similar to lesions seen in AVM-affected birds. Grass carp that were fed hydrilla without the suspect cyanobacterium did not develop these lesions, and chickens ( Gallus domesticus) fed treatment and control grass carp tissues did not develop AVM. Young swine (Scus scrofa) were fed hydrilla with the Stigonematalan cyanobacterium, but did not develop clinical or histological symptoms of AVM.; Bald eagle productivity on JSTL declined by 50% from the previous season and 7 of 12 bald eagle carcasses recovered were positively diagnosed with AVM. AVM-attributed mortalities were severe in coots in localized regions, and coot carcasses were scavenged quickly, which may have caused an underestimation of mortalities. However, no effects in coots or other waterfowl were discernable at the reservoir-population level.; A strong cause-effect linkage was found between the presence of the suspect cyanobacterium in systems and incidences of AVM. A weaker correlation was present between incidences of AVM and declines in bald eagle productivity on JSTL, and no cause-effect linkage was evident between declines in coot populations and AVM on JSTL.
机译：禽液泡性脊髓病（AVM）是一种病因不明的神经系统疾病，自1994年首次被诊断以来，已严重影响了美国南部的水鸟和猛禽。在水下的水生植物上附生生长的蓝细菌。进行了一系列实验来确定：（1）三倍体中国草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）是否是AVM的适当管理策略； （2）测量哺乳动物对蓝细菌暴露的敏感性； （3）识别在AVM流行期间对J. Strom Thurmond湖（JSTL）的种群变化对美国白骨（Fulica americana）和白头鹰（Haliaeetus leucocephalus）的影响。为了确定因果关系，分析了AVM研究的现有主体，并使用适用于生态毒理学的Hill流行病学标准对我们的工作假设进行了严格检验。在野外和实验室试验中，给水草（Sydonematalan cyanobacterium）喂水草（Hydrilla verticillata）的草鱼在脑白质中产生了微观损伤，类似于在受AVM影响的鸟类中观察到的损伤。在没有可疑的蓝细菌的情况下，给它们喂水illa的草鱼没有出现这些病变，而给与治疗和对照草鱼组织的鸡（家鸡）也没有出现AVM。给小猪（Scus scrofa）喂水虫和Stigonematalan cyanobacterium，但未出现AVM的临床或组织学症状。 JSTL上的白头鹰生产力比上一个季节下降了50％，回收的12头白头鹰尸体中有7例被AVM阳性诊断。局部地区的老傻瓜归因于AVM的死亡率很高，并且很快清除了老傻瓜尸体，这可能导致了对死亡率的低估。但是，在水库种群水平上，没有发现对白骨顶或其他水禽的影响。在系统中疑似蓝细菌的存在与AVM的发生之间发现了很强的因果联系。在JSTL上AVM的发生率与秃鹰生产力的下降之间存在较弱的相关性，而在JSTL上，白骨顶种群数量的下降与AVM之间没有明显的因果联系。

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  • 作者

    Haynie, Rebecca Smith.;

  • 作者单位

    Clemson University.$bForestry and Natural Resources.;

  • 授予单位 Clemson University.$bForestry and Natural Resources.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.; Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 127 p.
  • 总页数 127
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学（生物生态学）;环境科学基础理论;
  • 关键词

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