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Crossing the rural-urban divide in twentieth-century China.

机译：跨越二十世纪中国的城乡鸿沟。

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摘要

This is a study of the historical process by which an individual's identity as a rural or urban person became one of the most important sites of social difference in twentieth-century China. I focus on interaction between city and countryside to understand how the gap between the two realms grew, especially during the first three decades of the People's Republic of China (1949-1979). Attempts to cross the rural-urban divide reified difference. During the Mao Zedong era, the more city people attacked the rural-urban gap, the more alienated China's cities and countryside became from one another, and the more rigid urban and rural identities became.; I downgrade institutional explanations including the household registration (hukou) system in favor of social and cultural ones. In spite of restricted mobility, people continued to travel between city and countryside in massive numbers during the socialist period. Through rural-urban interaction, difference was negotiated on personal, familial, and professional levels. The hukou system was not a central factor in these moments of everyday contact. More important were language, appearance, labor, family, food, sex, and the historical legacies of the early twentieth century, when cities came to symbolize modernity and villages were equated with backwardness.; Previously untapped archival sources and oral history interviews allow for fresh perspectives on the Communist takeover of cities in 1949, the First Five-Year Plan, the Great Leap famine, the Four Cleanups movement, the sent-down youth program, and the Cultural Revolution. The leap and its aftermath poisoned the relationship between city and countryside. The leap's legacy helps to explain the Four Cleanups and Cultural Revolution, which further alienated villages from cities. Overall, the conclusions of the dissertation fall in between and add complexity to earlier views of the People's Republic as either a model of pro-rural development or as a starkly divided land of apartheid and oppression. Stories of everyday interactions in villages and neighborhoods, combined with new knowledge of how local officials made decisions, show a society that was more diverse, complicated, and above all, more human than the simple institutional division into urban and rural spheres would suggest.
机译：这是对历史过程的研究，在此过程中，个人作为农村或城市人的身份成为了20世纪中国最重要的社会差异化场所之一。我专注于城乡之间的互动，以了解这两个领域之间的差距是如何扩大的，尤其是在中华人民共和国成立的前三个十年（1949-1979年）。试图跨越城乡差异化的现实差异。在毛泽东时代，城市人口对城乡差距的攻击越来越多，中国的城乡之间的距离越来越疏远，城乡身份也越来越僵化。我将包括户籍（户口）制度在内的机构解释下调为社会和文化解释。尽管行动不便，但在社会主义时期，人们继续在城乡之间大量旅行。通过城乡互动，在个人，家庭和职业层面上达成了分歧。在这些日常接触的时刻，户籍制度并不是一个中心因素。更重要的是语言，外貌，劳动，家庭，食物，性别以及二十世纪初的历史遗产，当时城市象征着现代性，而乡村则被视为落后。以前未开发的档案资料和口述历史访谈为1949年共产党接管城市，第一个五年计划，大跃进饥荒，四个清理运动，青年派和文化大革命提供了新的见解。这一飞跃及其后果使城乡关系蒙上了一层阴影。这一飞跃的遗产有助于解释“四次清理与文化大革命”，这进一步使乡村与城市疏远。总体而言，论文的结论介于两者之间，并给中华人民共和国早期的观点（无论是作为农村发展的典范还是作为种族隔离和压迫的极端分裂的土地）增加了复杂性。村庄和社区中日常互动的故事，再加上有关地方官员如何决策的新知识，显示出一个社会，比简单的将制度划分为城乡范围所暗示的那样，更加多样化，复杂，尤其是人性化。

著录项

  • 作者

    Brown, Jeremy.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, San Diego.$bHistory.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, San Diego.$bHistory.;
  • 学科 History Asia Australia and Oceania.; Geography.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 406 p.
  • 总页数 406
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 世界史;自然地理学;
  • 关键词

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