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The Uneven Geography of River Conservation In The U.S.: Insights From The Application Of The Wild And Scenic Rivers Act

机译：美国河流保护的地理分布不均：《野外与风景秀丽的河流法》的运用带来的启示

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摘要

Rivers are vital for sustaining biodiversity and human development, yet globally only a small fraction of rivers enjoy protection and those with protections are often impaired or modified. Rapid rates of freshwater species' extinctions indicate current conservation practices are failing. Despite over fifty years of scientific evidence justifying river conservation, it remains that less attention is focused on protecting ecosystems than on developing water resources for economic growth. This disparity is indicative of the 'nature as resource' versus 'conservation of nature' paradigm. Today, this paradigm is complicated by new attentions centering both on water resource development projects and conservation policy as climate change adaptation strategies. Policies protecting rivers are recommended for contending with more intense storms and flooding, increasing resilience for species, forests, and agricultural areas, and fostering some types of water security. Creating, implementing, and managing climate adaptation policies will require a strong state presence in water resource governance. We know, however, the aforementioned paradigm hinders conservation policymaking. Therefore, understanding how conservation policy has already been rationalized, implemented, and managed is critical to advancing climate adaptation policymaking. Yet, little empirical research has been conducted on federal river conservation policy creation or application across the U.S.;To that end, this dissertation, presented in three discrete original research articles, examines the United States National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. Specifically, this study investigates the socio-ecological drivers behind the creation of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968 (WSRA hereinafter) and the spatial dimensions of the policy's application and management over time. This study is grounded empirically in extensive archival materials, interviews with federal land management agency personnel, conservation advocates, and technical experts, as well as spatial and temporal analysis of a geodatabase. Together, these methods were employed to answer the following research questions which guide this study: (1) What factors influence the temporal and spatial distribution of river segments protected under the Wild & Scenic Rivers Act? (2) What does the history of management in designated segments suggest about emerging trends and patterns in river conservation? (3) How are competing environmental values and ideologies understood and reconciled in the context of river conservation?
机译：河流对于维持生物多样性和人类发展至关重要，但是在全球范围内，只有一小部分河流受到保护，受保护的河流常常受到损害或被修改。淡水物种的迅速灭绝表明当前的保护做法正在失败。尽管已有五十多年的科学证据证明了河流保护的合理性，但仍然没有将更多的注意力集中在保护生态系统上，而将注意力集中在开发水资源以促进经济增长上。这种差异表明了“自然即资源”与“自然保护”范式。如今，这种模式变得复杂，因为新的注意力集中在水资源开发项目和作为气候变化适应策略的保护政策上。建议采取保护河流的政策来应对更猛烈的暴风雨和洪水，增强对物种，森林和农业地区的抵御能力，并促进某些类型的水安全。制定，实施和管理气候适应政策将需要国家在水资源治理中发挥重要作用。但是，我们知道，上述范式阻碍了保护政策的制定。因此，了解保护政策如何已经合理化，实施和管理对于促进气候适应政策制定至关重要。然而，关于美国联邦河流保护政策的制定或在美国的应用还很少进行实证研究;为此，本文在三篇独立的原始研究文章中进行了介绍，研究了美国国家野生和风景秀丽的河流系统。具体而言，本研究调查了1968年《野生与风景秀丽的河流法》（以下简称WSRA）的制定背后的社会生态驱动力，以及该政策的长期应用和管理空间。这项研究以经验为基础，包括大量档案材料，与联邦土地管理机构人员，保护倡导者和技术专家的访谈，以及地理数据库的时空分析。总之，这些方法被用来回答以下指导本研究的研究问题：（1）哪些因素影响受《野生与风景秀丽的河流法》保护的河段的时空分布？ （2）指定区段的管理历史对河流保护的新兴趋势和模式有何启示？ （3）在河流保护的背景下如何理解和调和相互竞争的环境价值和意识形态？

著录项

  • 作者

    Perry, Denielle M.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Oregon.;

  • 授予单位 University of Oregon.;
  • 学科 Geography.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 291 p.
  • 总页数 291
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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