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Overview of CO2 Leakage Problems and Sealants for CO2 Leakage Remediation

机译：二氧化碳泄漏问题和用于二氧化碳泄漏修复的密封胶概述

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摘要

Excessive Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission has become a serious issue and caused lots of environmental problems. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) program has been developed to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere. CO2 storage has been targeted mainly on depleted oil or gas reservoirs and deep saline aquifers. However, leakage could occur through wellbores, cap rocks, formation faults, and fractures during and after CO2 injection. To minimize the risk, different types of sealants have been investigated to prevent CO2 leaks. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive review of the materials which could be used as CO2 sealants. Based on the difference of materials components, this research has classified the sealants into seven types, including cements, geopolymers, foams, gel systems, resin systems, biofilm barriers, and nanoparticles. For each type of sealants, its chemical components, physical properties, stabilities, impact factors, applied environments, advantages and limitations were summarized. The most commonly used sealant for CO2 leakage control from wellbore is still cement, and the aluminate-calcium based cement has the best properties. It is very challenging to seal the fractures and faults, far from wellbore due to the difficulty to deliver plugging materials into the in-depth of a reservoir. The thermo-stability is also a great challenge for most materials and should be evaluated under supercritical CO2 condition.
机译：过量的二氧化碳（CO2）排放已成为一个严重的问题，并引起了许多环境问题。已经开发了碳捕集与封存（CCS）程序以减少大气中的二氧化碳含量。二氧化碳的存储主要针对枯竭的油气藏和深层盐水层。但是，在注入二氧化碳期间和之后，泄漏可能会通过井眼，盖岩，地层断层和裂缝发生。为了最大程度地降低风险，已研究了不同类型的密封剂以防止CO2泄漏。本文的目的是对可用作CO2密封胶的材料进行全面的综述。根据材料成分的不同，本研究将密封胶分为七种类型，包括水泥，地质聚合物，泡沫，凝胶体系，树脂体系，生物膜屏障和纳米颗粒。对于每种类型的密封胶，总结了其化学成分，物理性能，稳定性，影响因素，应用环境，优点和局限性。用于控制井眼中CO2泄漏的最常用密封剂仍然是水泥，而铝酸钙基水泥具有最佳性能。由于很难将堵塞的材料输送到储层的深处，因此要密封裂缝​​和断层而不是井眼是非常具有挑战性的。对于大多数材料而言，热稳定性也是一个巨大的挑战，应在超临界CO2条件下对其进行评估。

著录项

  • 作者

    Peng, Shudai.;

  • 作者单位

    Missouri University of Science and Technology.;

  • 授予单位 Missouri University of Science and Technology.;
  • 学科 Petroleum engineering.;Materials science.;Environmental science.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 100 p.
  • 总页数 100
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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