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The effect of personal protective equipment on firefighter occupational performance

机译：个人防护装备对消防员职业表现的影响

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摘要

Firefighting is a strenuous occupation that requires high-intensity work, resulting in prolonged periods of stress and physical exertion. The physical demand of performing firefighting tasks is augmented by the weight of personal protective equipment (PPE) worn (i.e., load carriage: LC) and the use of a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). These factors have been shown to increase metabolic demand at submaximal workloads and decrease maximal aerobic capacity in laboratory settings. However, there is limited research evaluating the effects of these factors on occupational performance. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to quantify the detrimental effect of LC only and LC+SCBA on firefighter occupational performance. In addition, it is important to identify fitness characteristics and physiological outcomes that are correlated to the decrement in performance produced by the PPE. This information will guide practitioners in selecting appropriate training strategies to effectively prepare firefighters to perform occupational tasks in gear. Thus, a secondary aim was to evaluate the relationships between fitness and pulmonary outcomes versus the decrement in occupational performance produced by the PPE. Twenty-one male firefighter recruits (Age: 28.6 +/- 4.3 yr; Height: 178.6 +/- 7.2 cm; Mass: 94.1 +/- 15.4; Body Fat: 17.8 +/- 8.4%) participated in this study. Occupational physical ability was assessed by time to complete a simulated fire ground test (SFGT). The SFGT was composed of the following tasks: stair climb, charged hose drag, equipment carry, ladder raise, forcible entry, search, and victim rescue. The recruits participated in six testing sessions. First, two SFGT familiarization trials were performed on separate days. During the next three testing sessions, the firefighter recruits performed the following SFGT conditions in a randomized order: control condition (PT clothes), LC only condition, and PPE+SCBA (SCBA) condition. Baseline and post-SFGT pulmonary and physiological data were collected. To describe within group differences between SFGT conditions, relative difference scores were calculated as follows: % difference = (([experimental trial outcome -- PT trial outcome] / PT trial outcome) x 100). Statistical differences between the SFGT conditions were assessed with repeated measures ANOVA. To evaluate the relationship between fitness outcomes versus the decrement in SFGT performance, fitness testing data were obtained from the recruit academy and included: 1.5 mile run time, maximal push-ups, maximal situps, maximal pull-ups, and prone plank time. In addition, the recruits completed a battery of fitness tests in their sixth testing session. The absolute difference in time to complete the SFGT between conditions was calculated as: experimental SFGT time - PT time. Bivariate correlations were used to assess the relationship between the absolute difference in SFGT time versus fitness outcomes. The LC+SCBA trial took 44.5 +/- 15.5% longer (345.9 +/- 43.7 s; p < .001) and the LC only trial took 38.3 +/- 12.6% longer (331.2 +/- 39.3 s; p < .001) to complete the SFGT than the PT trial (241.0 +/- 33.3 s). The LC+SCBA trial took longer to complete the SFGT than the LC only trial (p = .046). Post-SFGT RPE was higher in the LC+SCBA trial (6.7 +/- 1.7) and LC only trial (6.3 +/- 1.5) compared to the PT trial (4.6 +/- 1.8; p < .001). Absolute aerobic capacity, lower body power, anaerobic power and capacity, abdominal muscular endurance, and upper body strength were significantly correlated to the decrement in SFGT performance on some tasks caused by the PPE. In summary, PPE increases the intensity of performing fire ground tasks. To enhance occupational performance, it is imperative that firefighters optimize specific physical fitness attributes to reduce the relative stress produced by the PPE.
机译：消防是一项艰苦的工作，需要高强度的工作，导致长时间的压力和体力消耗。穿戴的个人防护设备（PPE）（例如载重车：LC）的重量以及使用自给式呼吸器（SCBA）会增加执行消防任务的实际需求。这些因素已显示出在最大工作量下增加了代谢需求，并在实验室环境中降低了最大有氧能力。但是，评估这些因素对职业绩效的影响的研究有限。因此，本研究的主要目的是量化仅LC和LC + SCBA对消防员职业绩效的不利影响。此外，重要的是要确定与PPE产生的性能下降相关的健康特征和生理结果。这些信息将指导从业人员选择合适的培训策略，以有效地使消防员做好执行装备方面的职业任务的准备。因此，第二个目的是评估健身和肺功能与PPE产生的职业绩效下降之间的关系。二十一名男性消防员（年龄：28.6 +/- 4.3岁；身高：178.6 +/- 7.2厘米；体重：94.1 +/- 15.4；体脂：17.8 +/- 8.4％）参加了这项研究。按时间评估职业体能，以完成模拟火场测试（SFGT）。 SFGT由以下任务组成：爬楼梯，带电软管拖曳，设备搬运，梯子上升，强行进入，搜查和营救受害者。新兵参加了六次测试。首先，在不同的日期进行了两次SFGT熟悉度试验。在接下来的三个测试阶段中，消防员新兵以随机顺序执行以下SFGT条件：控制条件（PT衣服），仅LC条件和PPE + SCBA（SCBA）条件。收集基线和SFGT后的肺和生理数据。为了描述SFGT条件之间的组内差异，相对差异得分的计算方法如下：％差异=（（[[实验性试验结局-PT试验性结局] / PT试验性结局）x 100）。使用重复测量方差分析评估SFGT条件之间的统计差异。为了评估健身结局与SFGT成绩下降之间的关系，从招募学院获得健身测试数据，包括：1.5英里的跑步时间，最大俯卧撑，最大仰卧起坐，最大俯卧撑和俯卧板时间。此外，新兵在第六次测试中完成了一系列的体能测试。条件之间完成SFGT的时间的绝对差计算为：实验SFGT时间-PT时间。使用双变量相关性评估SFGT时间的绝对差异与适应性结局之间的关系。 LC + SCBA试验的时间延长了44.5 +/- 15.5％（345.9 +/- 43.7 s; p <.001），而仅LC试验的时间延长了38.3 +/- 12.6％（331.2 +/- 39.3 s; p <。 001）来完成SFGT，而不是PT试验（241.0 +/- 33.3 s）。完成LCGT的LC + SCBA试验比仅进行LC试验要花费更长的时间（p = .046）。 SFGT后的RPE在LC + SCBA试验（6.7 +/- 1.7）和仅LC试验（6.3 +/- 1.5）中高于PT试验（4.6 +/- 1.8; p <.001）。在PPE引起的某些任务上，绝对有氧运动能力，较低的身体力量，无氧运动能力和力量，腹肌耐力和上身力量与SFGT性能的下降显着相关。总之，PPE会增加执行火场任务的强度。为了提高职业绩效，消防员必须优化特定的身体素质以减少PPE产生的相对压力。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lesniak, Ashley Yvonne.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Kentucky.;

  • 授予单位 University of Kentucky.;
  • 学科 Kinesiology.;Occupational safety.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 97 p.
  • 总页数 97
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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