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Assessing the exposure, hazard and risk of organic chemicals.

机译:评估有机化学品的暴露,危害和风险。

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摘要

This thesis seeks to advance the science of assessing exposure, hazard and risk for organic chemicals through the development, evaluation and analysis of models. A multimedia mass balance model is developed that combines information on chemical partitioning, reactivity, environmental fate and transport, food web bioaccumulation, exposure to ecological receptors and humans, effect endpoint and emission rate in a coherent holistic framework to screen substances for exposure, hazard and risk potential. The holistic mass balance method is compared with an existing method for chemical screening assessments illustrating significant discrepancies in priority setting results between the two approaches and highlighting key flaws in the existing method. A method for estimating metabolic biotransformation rate constants from laboratory data in fish is developed and evaluated. This method is applied to a large compilation of critically evaluated laboratory measurements providing a consistent database of evaluated biotransformation rate constants. This database is used to develop a model to predict biotransformation rate constants in fish from chemical structure. The influence of food web biomagnification and biotransformation processes on human exposure calculations is demonstrated highlighting a need to include mechanistic bioaccumulation models and biotransformation rate estimates for robust evaluation of exposure, hazard and risk.;Keywords. chemical assessment, exposure, hazard, risk, biotransformation, model, QSAR
机译:本文旨在通过模型的开发,评估和分析来推进评估有机化学物质的暴露,危害和风险的科学。建立了一个多媒体质量平衡模型,该模型将有关化学物质分配,反应性,环境归宿和运输,食物网生物蓄积,暴露于生态受体和人类,影响终点和排放速率的信息整合到一个整体框架中,以筛选物质的暴露,危害和危害。潜在风险。将整体质量平衡方法与现有的化学筛选评估方法进行了比较,该方法说明了两种方法在优先级设置结果上的显着差异,并突出了现有方法的关键缺陷。开发和评估了一种从鱼类实验室数据估计代谢生物转化速率常数的方法。该方法适用于严格评估的实验室测量值的大量汇编,从而提供了评估的生物转化率常数的一致数据库。该数据库用于建立模型,以根据化学结构预测鱼类的生物转化率常数。证明了食物网的生物放大作用和生物转化过程对人体暴露量计算的影响,突出表明需要包括机械生物积累模型和生物转化率估算值,以便对暴露量,危害和风险进行有力的评估。化学评估,暴露,危害,风险,生物转化,模型,QSAR

著录项

  • 作者

    Arnot, Jon Andrew.;

  • 作者单位

    Trent University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Trent University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.;Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 439 p.
  • 总页数 439
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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