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Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution in Central Africa: A Case Study of the Republic of Congo, 1965-1999

机译：中部非洲预防，管理和解决冲突：以刚果共和国为例，1965-1999年

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摘要

This dissertation is an attempt to analyze the political roots of ethno-violent conflicts in the Republic of Congo and efforts made to address them. It seeks to analyze whether there is a correlation between Western style democratic practices and the prevalence of the ethno-violent conflicts in the Republic of Congo. In fact, the Republic of Congo also known as Congo-Brazzaville as opposed to the Democratic Republic of Congo, formerly Zaire went through consecutive ethno-violent conflicts that seemed to have started in 1959, a few months before its independence in August 15, 1960. Despite efforts made by the government and other non-governmental organizations to try to address ethno-violent conflicts in Congo, violent conflicts seem to persist. This study tries to explore why violent conflicts persist in Congo and what innovative approaches can be used to better address them. In addition to the readings, the qualitative method with interviews and surveys with the Congolese diaspora around Washington DC areas have been useful in assessing the core problems in this dissertation.;While many variables have been explored, the general paradigm around the root causes of ethno-violent conflicts seems to reveal that although the Congolese leaders seem to present ethnicity as the main factor in violent conflicts, the research findings reveal that both the search for a sustainable economy and political competition seem to be the primary factors in ethno-violent conflicts. Although ethnicity may be considered as an intermediary factor in violent conflicts in the Republic of Congo, it has been more like a tool for political mobilization rather than being a primary cause in violent conflicts.;Furthermore, the legacies of the French colonization in the Republic of Congo have been a secondary factor in ethno-violent conflicts in the Republic of Congo. In fact, colonization had significant impacts on the Congolese way of thinking and solving their conflicts. Although there were minor ethnic conflicts before colonization in Congo, they became institutionalized only after colonization split the country along ethnic lines. As a result, ethnic conflicts turned violent in Congo following economic and political competitions. Consequently, Western democratic practices had more negative impacts on the promotion of political development in Congo because their implementation in Congo reshaped how the people of Congo interpreted democracy by trying to encourage the formation of new social and political classes that engaged in violent political competitions by resorting to private militias along ethnic lines.
机译：本文试图分析刚果共和国种族暴力冲突的政治根源和为解决这些冲突而作出的努力。它试图分析西方式的民主实践与刚果共和国种族暴力冲突的普遍程度之间是否存在关联。实际上，刚果共和国也被称为刚果布拉柴维尔，而不是刚果民主共和国，以前的扎伊尔经历了连续的种族暴力冲突，该冲突似乎始于1959年，距离独立于1960年8月15日还有几个月尽管政府和其他非政府组织为解决刚果的种族暴力冲突做出了努力，但暴力冲突似乎仍然存在。这项研究试图探究刚果为何持续存在暴力冲突，以及可以使用哪些创新方法更好地解决这些冲突。除阅读材料外，对华盛顿特区附近的刚果侨民进行访谈和调查的定性方法，对于评估本文的核心问题也很有用。尽管探讨了许多变量，但围绕民族根源的一般范式暴力冲突似乎表明，尽管刚果领导人似乎将种族作为暴力冲突的主要因素，但研究结果表明，寻求可持续的经济发展和政治竞争似乎都是种族暴力冲突的主要因素。尽管族裔可能被认为是刚果共和国暴力冲突的中介因素，但它更像是政治动员的工具，而不是暴力冲突的主要原因;此外，法国殖民地在共和国的遗产刚果民主共和国是刚果共和国种族暴力冲突的次要因素。实际上，殖民化对刚果人的思维方式和解决冲突的方式产生了重大影响。尽管在殖民化之前在刚果发生了轻微的种族冲突，但只有在殖民沿着种族路线将国家分裂后，这些冲突才制度化。结果，在经济和政治竞争之后，刚果的种族冲突变成了暴力。因此，西方民主实践对促进刚果的政治发展产生了更大的负面影响，因为在刚果的实施重塑了刚果人民如何通过鼓励新的参与暴力政治竞赛的社会和政治阶层的形成来解释民主的方式。沿着种族界限向民兵

著录项

  • 作者

    Malembanie, Neuvic Kalmar.;

  • 作者单位

    Howard University.;

  • 授予单位 Howard University.;
  • 学科 Peace studies.;Political science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 302 p.
  • 总页数 302
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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