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首页> 外文学位 >Linking Biodiversity, Landscape Dynamics and Agricultural Policies to Inform Conservation on Farmland: The Case of Mediterranean Farmland Birds
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Linking Biodiversity, Landscape Dynamics and Agricultural Policies to Inform Conservation on Farmland: The Case of Mediterranean Farmland Birds

机译：将生物多样性，景观动态和农业政策联系起来，以保护农田：以地中海农田鸟类为例

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摘要

About half the world's terrestrial surface is managed for agriculture, and an important proportion of global biodiversity is found on farmland. Therefore, conserving biodiversity on farmland is an essential element of worldwide efforts for reversing global biodiversity decline. However, this goal has been hindering by the pervasive intensification of farming practices, which have contributed to an increase in the rate of biodiversity losses during the last decades. Furthermore, managing farmland landscapes to enhance biodiversity is complex, as biological diversity is constrained by a number of interacting and changing socioecological factors including agricultural policies, socio-economic drivers and biophysical conditions, which may affect the effectiveness of conservation actions.;This thesis addresses these issues using three case studies focusing on breeding bird assemblages living in Mediterranean farmland landscapes of southern Portugal. This model system was used to understand how biological diversity may vary in space and time in relation to landscape dynamics, agricultural policies and conservation actions, which is a knowledge required to inform conservation actions on farmland. The studies focused on (i) how to enhance the effectiveness of conservation investment in farmland protected areas; (ii) how to manage farmland landscapes for biodiversity conservation within and outside protected areas; and (iii) how to link biodiversity measures to landscape features to inform conservation actions and agricultural policies.;These studies provided insights to the design and evaluation of conservation actions by showing that enhancing the effectiveness of conservation investment in farmland protected areas may require a greater focus on the wider biodiversity in addition to that currently devoted to flagship species, as well as improved matching between conservation and agricultural policies. Also, it was shown that managing farmland landscapes for conservation needs to consider both composition and heterogeneity, and that maximising the prevalence of biodiversity-friendly crops may be particularly important in landscapes where a range of species of conservation concern is strongly associated with the production component of the landscape. Finally, it was shown that the analyses of spatial variation in species composition (beta diversity) is required to understand the impacts of agricultural policies and conservation actions on farmland biodiversity, as it provides information on how changes in landscape heterogeneity affects local (alpha diversity) and regional (gamma diversity) species richness and composition. However, it also highlighted the need to evaluate beta diversity changes against specific conservation goals.;Overall, this thesis provides novel information on the drivers of biodiversity change in agricultural landscapes, showing in particular the cascading effects that may occur from agricultural policies through landscape dynamics to alpha, beta and gamma diversity patterns, which in turn may be used to improve biodiversity conservation and management on farmland.
机译：世界上约有一半的陆地用于农业管理，而在农田中发现了全球重要的生物多样性。因此，保护​​农田生物多样性是扭转全球生物多样性下降的全球努力的重要组成部分。但是，这一目标因普遍的耕作方式集约化而受到阻碍，这在过去的几十年中导致了生物多样性丧失速度的增加。此外，管理农田景观以增强生物多样性是复杂的，因为生物多样性受到许多相互作用和变化的社会生态因素的制约，包括农业政策，社会经济驱动因素和生物物理条件，这些因素可能会影响保护行动的有效性。使用三个案例研究来研究这些问题，这些案例研究的重点是繁殖生活在葡萄牙南部地中海农田景观中的鸟类。该模型系统用于了解生物多样性如何在时空上与景观动态，农业政策和保护行动有关，这是告知农田保护行动所需的知识。这些研究的重点是（i）如何提高农田保护区保护投资的有效性； （ii）如何管理农田景观以保护区内外的生物多样性；这些研究通过显示提高农田保护区保护投资的有效性可能需要更大的努力，为保护措施的设计和评估提供了见识。除了目前致力于旗舰物种的生物多样性外，还应关注更广泛的生物多样性，以及在保护和农业政策之间进行更好的匹配。此外，还表明，管理农田景观以进行保护需要同时考虑其组成和异质性，并且在需要保护的物种种类与生产要素密切相关的景观中，使生物多样性友好型作物的流行率最大化尤其重要。的风景。最后，研究表明需要进行物种组成的空间变化（β多样性）分析，以了解农业政策和保护措施对农田生物多样性的影响，因为它提供了有关景观异质性变化如何影响当地（阿尔法多样性）的信息。以及区域（伽玛多样性）物种的丰富度和组成。但是，它也强调了有必要针对特定​​的保护目标评估β多样性的变化。总体而言，本论文提供了有关农业景观中生物多样性变化驱动因素的新颖信息，尤其显示了农业政策通过景观动力学可能产生的级联效应阿尔法，贝塔和伽玛的多样性模式，进而可以用来改善农田的生物多样性保护和管理。

著录项

  • 作者

    Santana, Joana Figueiredo.;

  • 作者单位

    Universidade do Porto (Portugal).;

  • 授予单位 Universidade do Porto (Portugal).;
  • 学科 Ecology.;Conservation biology.;Wildlife conservation.;Environmental management.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 183 p.
  • 总页数 183
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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