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Assessing the Potential of a Novel Feed Additive and an Unsaturated Fat Alone and in Combination to Lower Methane Emission from Cattle and Reduce Their Contribution to Climate Change

机译：评估新型饲料添加剂和单独的不饱和脂肪的潜力，并与降低牛的甲烷排放并降低其对气候变化的贡献相结合

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摘要

Methane (CH4) emissions from enteric fermentation of ruminant animals, such as beef and dairy cattle, makes up approximately 2.5% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the United States and can account from anywhere between 2 and 12% of gross energy intake (GEI) (Johnson and Johnson, 1995; IPCC, 2013; EPA, 2015). Therefore, there is an immediate need to decrease CH4 emission for both environmental as well as economic reasons (Beauchemin et al., 2008). The objective of this study was to assess the potential of 3-nitrooxypropanol, a novel CH4 inhibitor; and canola oil, a known methane mitigant; alone and in combination on CH4 emissions, rumen fermentation, and diet digestibility. Eight ruminally cannulated beef heifers (Angus cross, 732 +/- 43 kg) were used in a double 4 x 4 Latin square design with four 28-d periods and assigned to one of four dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were: 1) control (CON) (no supplementation of 3-nitrooxypropanol or canola oil), 2) canola oil alone (OIL) (5% of diet DM), 3) 3-nitrooxypropanol alone (NOP) (200 mg/kg of diet dry matter (DM); DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Kaiseraugst, Switzerland), and 4) 3-nitrooxypropanol and canola oil combined (NOP+OIL). After a 14-d diet adaption, dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily. Rumen contents were collected on d 14 and 17 for volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis and protozoal populations. Enteric CH4 emissions were measured on d 18 to 21 using open circuit chambers. Diet digestibility was measured on d 24 to 27. Methane production was lowered from 26.2 (CON) to 19.6, 17.9, and 12.7 g/kg of DMI, for OIL, NOP, and NOP+OIL, respectively (P < 0.01). Total VFA concentrations (mM) were greatest for CON (101.3), similar between OIL (94.8) and NOP (94.8), and lowest for NOP+OIL (88.3) (P < 0.01). A decrease in acetate and increase in propionate proportions, and therefore a decrease in the acetate: propionate ratio was also observed with the OIL, NOP, and NOP+OIL treatments compared with CON (P < 0.01). The OIL and NOP+OIL treatments had a reduction in protozoa counts and a reduction in DM, organic matter ( OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibilities when compared to CON and NOP (4.43 x 104 vs. 4.24 x 105/ mL rumen fluid; 60.7 vs. 66.8%; 62.0 vs. 68.7%; 47.6 vs. 61.0%; and 46.5 vs. 60.0%, respectively; P < 0.01). The results indicated that OIL and NOP are effective means of decreasing CH4 production, and the combination of both caused the greatest reduction of CH4 emissions in cattle.
机译：反刍动物，例如牛肉和奶牛，经肠发酵产生的甲烷（CH4）排放量约占美国温室气体总排放量的2.5％，可占能源总摄入量的2％至12％（GEI） （Johnson and Johnson，1995; IPCC，2013; EPA，2015）。因此，出于环境和经济原因，迫切需要减少CH4的排放（Beauchemin等，2008）。本研究的目的是评估新型CH4抑制剂3-硝基氧丙醇的潜力。芥花籽油（一种已知的缓解甲烷的物质）；单独使用或与CH4排放，瘤胃发酵和饮食消化率结合使用。在四个4 x 4拉丁方形设计中使用了八个瘤胃插管的牛肉小母牛（安格斯杂交，732 +/- 43公斤），有四个28天的时期，并被指定为四种饮食疗法之一。饮食治疗包括：1）对照（CON）（不补充3-硝基氧丙醇或低芥酸菜子油），2）单独的低芥酸菜子油（OIL）（占饮食DM的5％），3）单独的3-硝基氧丙醇（NOP）（200毫克/千克的饮食干物质（DM）； DSM营养产品有限公司，瑞士凯瑟格斯特），以及4）3-硝基氧丙醇和低芥酸菜子油的混合物（NOP + OIL）。饮食适应14天后，每天记录干物质摄入量（DMI）。在第14和17天收集瘤胃内容物用于挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）分析和原生动物种群。在第18到21天，使用开路室测量肠内CH4排放量。在第24到27天测量饮食的消化率。对于DIL，OIL，NOP和NOP + OIL，甲烷的生产量分别从26.2（CON）降至19.6、17.9和12.7 g / kg DMI（P <0.01）。 CON的总VFA浓度（mM）最大（101.3），OIL（94.8）和NOP（94.8）之间相似，NOP + OIL的最低（88.3）（P <0.01）。与CON相比，OIL，NOP和NOP + OIL处理的醋酸盐含量降低，丙酸比例增加，因此醋酸盐/丙酸比例也降低（P <0.01）。与CON和NOP（4.43 x 104）相比，OIL和NOP + OIL处理的原生动物数量减少，DM，有机物（OM），中性洗涤剂纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤剂纤维（ADF）的消化率降低。分别为4.24 x 105 / mL瘤胃液； 60.7对66.8％； 62.0对68.7％； 47.6对61.0％；以及46.5对60.0％； P <0.01）。结果表明，OIL和NOP是降低CH4产量的有效手段，两者的结合引起了牛CH4排放量的最大减少。

著录项

  • 作者

    Smith, Megan Lillis.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Delaware.;

  • 授予单位 University of Delaware.;
  • 学科 Animal sciences.;Nutrition.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 281 p.
  • 总页数 281
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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