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Evolution of Dentary and Scapular Shape in Foxes: Are Gray Foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) Unique?

机译：狐狸牙齿和肩cap骨形状的演变：灰狐狸（Urocyon cinereoargenteus）独特吗？

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摘要

Unlike the majority of canid species, Urocyon cinereoargenteus is adept at climbing trees. Because of this, I expect that the morphology of U. cinereoargenteus may be different from other foxes. I hypothesize that the dentary will display modifications advantageous to consuming food items associated with trees and the scapula will have more space for attachment of muscles advantageous to greater shoulder movement. I used geometric morphometric techniques to explore shape variation in the dentaries and scapulae of foxes. Dentaries and scapulae from 18 and 11 species, respectively, were photographed in lateral view at the Field Museum, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Southern Illinois University Carbondale Mammal Collection, Southeast Missouri State University, and University of Kansas Museum of Natural History. I used homologous landmarks and edgels on each dentary and scapula. I performed a Procrustes superimposition to align the specimens, followed by a canonical variates analysis, and principal components analysis. Dietary data were collected for each species and a principal components analysis was performed. I used non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses with PC scores to look at diet in relation to dentary and scapular shape for each species. In an effort to determine if shape reflected adaptation or simply phylogenetic history, I used the comparative method to remove phylogenetic effects on shape, and compared shape and diet contrasts using Pearson product-moment correlations. There were significant correlations between dentary shape and diet, as well as scapular shape and diet, indicating that both jaw and scapular shape are adapted to the foraging and locomotor modes used by foxes.
机译：与大多数犬科动物不同，灰熊灰鹦鹉擅长爬树。因此，我希望灰狐U. cinereoargenteus的形态可能不同于其他狐狸。我假设牙齿将显示出有利于食用与树木相关的食物的修饰，并且肩cap骨将具有更多的空间用于附着肌肉，从而有利于更大的肩膀运动。我使用几何形态计量学技术来研究狐狸的牙齿和肩骨的形状变化。在田野博物馆，洛杉矶县自然历史博物馆，南伊利诺伊大学卡本代尔哺乳动物收藏，东南密苏里州立大学和堪萨斯大学自然历史博物馆的侧面照片中分别拍摄了18种和11种齿齿和肩cap骨的照片。我在每个牙齿和肩cap骨上使用了同源的地标和边角。我执行了Procrustes叠加以对齐标本，然后进行了典型变量分析和主成分分析。收集每个物种的饮食数据，并进行主成分分析。我使用具有PC评分的非度量多维标度分析来查看每种物种与牙齿和肩cap骨形状相关的饮食。为了确定形状是否反映了适应性变化或仅是系统发育史，我使用比较方法消除了对形状的系统发育影响，并使用Pearson产品-时刻相关性比较了形状和饮食对比。牙齿的形状与饮食，肩骨的形状与饮食之间存在显着的相关性，表明颌骨和肩骨的形状均适应狐狸的觅食和运动方式。

著录项

  • 作者

    Dolan, Lacy A.;

  • 作者单位

    Southeast Missouri State University.;

  • 授予单位 Southeast Missouri State University.;
  • 学科 Biology.;Animal sciences.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 42 p.
  • 总页数 42
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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