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Modeling and Design of a Sensible Heat Thermal Energy Storage System for Small Modular Reactors

机译：小型模块化反应堆显热储热系统的建模与设计

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摘要

The contribution of intermittent (renewable) energy sources such as wind and solar continues to increase as renewables improve in efficiency and price-point. However, since renewables have grid priority the variability of renewables generates additional challenges for the electric grid in the form of rapidly varying net electric loads.;Proposed options for accommodating this net load have included operating nuclear reactors in a load follow mode, or operating the reactor at or near steady state and bypassing steam directly to the condenser. Both strategies result in lost energy potential. In addition to lost energy potential, load follow operation results in increased stress on the fuel and other mechanical components. A more attractive approach is to operate the reactor at or near steady state and bypass excess steam to a thermal energy storage system. The thermal energy can then be recovered later, either for electric generation during periods of peak electric demand, or for use in ancillary applications such as desalination and chilled water production. Such systems are known as nuclear hybrid energy systems (NHES). Various methods of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) can be coupled to nuclear (or renewable) power sources to help absorb grid instabilities caused by daily electric demand changes and renewable intermittency.;Sensible Heat Thermal Energy Storage is a mature technology currently used in solar energy systems. This research focuses on the design and coupling of such a system to Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), typical of Integral Pressurized Water Reactor (IPWR) designs currently under development.;The goal of the coupled system is to match turbine output with demand, bypass steam to the TES system for storage, and maintain reactor power at approximately 100%. Simulations of the NHES dynamics are run in a high-fidelity FORTRAN model developed at NCSU. Results reveal a sensible heat storage system is capable of meeting turbine demand and maintaining reactor power constant, while providing enough thermal energy to operate the TES system as an electric or steam peaking unit.
机译：随着可再生能源效率和价格的提高，风能和太阳能等间歇性（可再生）能源的贡献继续增加。但是，由于可再生能源具有电网优先权，可再生能源的可变性以快速变化的净电力负荷的形式给电网带来了额外的挑战;为适应该净负荷而提出的备选方案包括以负荷跟随模式运行核反应堆或以反应器处于或接近稳态，并直接将蒸汽旁路至冷凝器。两种策略都导致能量潜力的损失。除了损失潜在的能量外，负载跟随操作还会导致燃料和其他机械部件上的应力增加。更具吸引力的方法是使反应堆在稳态或接近稳态的条件下运行，并将多余的蒸汽旁路到热能存储系统中。然后可以在以后回收热能，以用于电力需求高峰期的发电，或用于诸如淡化和冷却水生产等辅助应用。这样的系统被称为核混合能源系统（NHES）。各种热能存储（TES）方法可以与核能（或可再生）电源耦合使用，以帮助吸收因日常用电需求变化和可再生间歇性而引起的电网不稳定性。感热热能存储是当前用于太阳能的成熟技术系统。这项研究的重点是这种系统的设计和与小型模块化反应堆（SMR）的耦合，这是目前正在开发的整体压水反应堆（IPWR）设计的典型特征;耦合系统的目标是使涡轮机输出与需求，旁路相匹配蒸汽进入TES系统进行存储，并将反应堆功率保持在大约100％。 NHES动力学仿真是在NCSU开发的高保真FORTRAN模型中进行的。结果表明，合理的储热系统能够满足涡轮机需求并保持反应堆功率恒定，同时提供足够的热能以使TES系统作为电或蒸汽调峰装置运行。

著录项

  • 作者

    Frick, Konor L.;

  • 作者单位

    North Carolina State University.;

  • 授予单位 North Carolina State University.;
  • 学科 Nuclear engineering.;Mechanical engineering.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 131 p.
  • 总页数 131
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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