Under the support of the preferential policies for agriculture of the central government, industrial and commercial enter⁃prises have increasing passion to enter the field of agriculture. Company operation can better use the market means, bring about ad⁃vanced technology and management model, and inject the modern production elements into agriculture. Meanwhile, since capital pur⁃sues profits, company operation may also lead to illegal land occupation, non⁃agricultural and non⁃grain trend. On the basis of maste⁃ring the origin, types and features of the agricultural operation risks, the paper has deeply analyzed the rented land operation risk of in⁃dustrial and commercial enterprises, and built the risk prevention system centering on the review system of the enterprise operation abil⁃ity. This is not only conducive to reducing the corporate management risks, but also helpful to promoting land health, orderly circula⁃tion, and modern agriculture building.%近些年来，在中央支农惠农政策支持下，工商企业进入农业领域的热情不断高涨。企业经营能够更好地利用市场手段，可以带来先进的技术和管理模式，为农业输入现代生产要素。同时，由于资本逐利性的特点，企业经营也容易引发违规占地、非农化与非粮化等不良后果。在把握农业经营风险产生根源、类型与特点的基础上，对工商企业租地经营风险进行深入分析，构建企业经营能力审查制度等风险防范制度，不仅有助于降低经营风险，而且有助于推动土地健康、顺畅、有序流转，推进现代农业发展。
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