曹操是三国时期著名的政治家、军事家和文学家，也是历代正史和文学作品中传唱千古的人物形象之一。明代戏曲中关于曹操事迹的剧目，主要依据陈寿《三国志》、元话本《三国志平话》、长篇小说《三国志通俗演义》、元代三国戏以及民间传说等文献加以改编，大致勾勒出曹操风云际会的一生。由于受元明时期文学作品“拥刘反曹”思想倾向的影响，明代戏曲中的曹操形象大多是作为西蜀政权和东吴政权的对立面出现的。通过对明代戏曲中许田射鹿、云长辞曹、义讨董卓、黄鹤楼论英雄、祢衡骂曹、文姬归汉等情节的深入分析，从不同角度、不同侧面反映出明代民间对曹操形象的广泛传播、不同接受和重新解构。%Cao Cao was a famous statesman, strategist and writer in the Three Kingdoms period, was also sung for hundreds of years as one of the characters in the ancient histories and literary works. The dramas of Cao Cao′s deeds in the Ming Dynasty dramas were mainly based on Chen Shou′s Three Kingdoms, Yuan Dynasty′s novel Popular Stories of the Three Kingdoms, the famous novel Ro⁃mance of the Three Kingdoms, the Yuan Dynasty dramas and folklores and other literatures, and adapted, broadly sketched out Cao Cao′s Full life amidst the time change. Because of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties′Literature"supporting Liu Bei and opposing Cao Cao"thought tendency, the image of Cao Cao in the Ming Dynasty operas mostly appeared as the opposite of Xishu and Dongwu Regimes. Through the analysis of many plots in the dramas of the Ming Dynasty, from the different angles and different sides, they reflected the wide spread of the image of Cao Cao, the different acceptance and re-deconstruction by folk society.
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